Controls of zero and 100% hemolysis consisted of hRBC suspended in PBS and 1% (w/w) Triton X-100, respectively. These suspensions were incubated with agitation for 3 h at 37 °C. The

samples were centrifuged at 800 rpm for 10 min, and the release of hemoglobin was monitored by measuring the absorbance of the supernatant at Selleck Wortmannin 550 nm. Native StAP3 was incubated with mPEG-SVA (1:40 molar ratio) in 50 mM Tris–HCl pH 8, and the obtained conjugated species were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography after quenching the unreacted PEGylating agent with glycine ( Fig. 1A). Four peaks were obtained, corresponding to molecular weights of approximately 90 kDa, 74 kDa, 60 kDa, and 45 kDa, which could be associated to the selleck screening library different species through gel electrophoresis assay ( Fig. 1B). The analysis suggested that the pool of peak 1 is the result of a mixture of mainly tri- and di-PEGylated species to a lesser extent; peak 2 contains di-PEGylated species with a lower content of mono-PEGylated species; peak 3 consists in mono-PEGylated species; and peak 4 contains native StAP3 protein. The yield of purified mono-PEGylated

fraction, as determined by SEC considering the ratio of the peak areas, was found to be 46.14% of the total protein, whereas a 5.06% remained as native protein. The relative abundance of di- and tri-PEGylated species could not be determined. The apparent molecular weight of the different PEGylated species obtained from size exclusion chromatography and gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is overestimated due to the retarded mobility of PEGylated proteins, which has been previously reported [56] and [57]. Moreover, it has also been reported that a 5 kDa-PEG-conjugated protein increases its apparent molecular weight in 15 kDa approximately [58]. This phenomenon has been attributed to the fact that the hydrodynamic

volume for a PEG-conjugated protein results higher than the expected for a protein of similar molecular weight, due to the high hydrophilicity of the PEG unit [59] and [60]. Taking into account the results previously described we suggest that a pool Acetophenone of mono-PEG-StAP3 free of higher-degree PEGylated species and native StAP3 could be obtained from peak 3 as the most abundant fraction. However, given that StAP3 native protein contains 30 l-lysine units [27], many of which are sterically available for PEGylation, this pool is composed of different positional isomers where PEGylation occurred in different ɛ-amino functional groups besides α-amino terminal group. Although it has been reported that random PEGylation can lead to great loss of bioactivity [61] and [62], the simplicity of production of this mono-PEG-StAP3 pool led us to evaluate its biological properties in comparison to those of native StAP3.