[36] Table 2 stratifies some of the more commonly prescribed drugs that can induce photosensitivity

reactions by types of reactions and drug classes.[30-33] Many of the medications listed in Table 2 are frequently prescribed for travelers, such as antimalarials, or frequently included in travel first aid kits, such as analgesics. Travelers taking these medications should be warned of the potential risks of drug-induced photosensitivity reactions and encouraged to apply and to reapply high-SPF (30+) sunscreens whenever sun-exposed. The management of photosensitivity reactions includes the identification and future avoidance of the offending drug, which may require photopatch R428 solubility dmso testing, anti-inflammatory dressings and ointments, and topical and/or systemic corticosteroids.[31-33] reactions Ibuprofen Naproxen Piroxicam Sulfonamides Tetracyclines Trimethoprim Antifungals: Griseofulvin Voriconazole Antimalarials: Chloroquine Quinine Atenolol Sotalol ACEIs: Captopril Enalapril Calcium channel blockers: Verapamil Diuretics: Bumetanide Furosemide Thiazides Miscellaneous: Amiodarone Methyldopa Carbamazepine Selleckchem GSK2118436 Valproate Antipsychotics: Phenothiazines Coal tar Psoralens Retinoids Topical antimicrobials Chemotherapeutics: Fluorouracil Methotrexate Vemurafenib

Hypoglycemics: Metformin Sulfonylureas Miscellaneous additives: Furocoumarins reactions Ketoprofen Piroxicam Quinolones Sulfonamides Antifungals: Griseofulvin Quinidine Thiazides Phenothiazines Some topical sunscreen ingredients: Avobenzone Besides fair-skinned persons,

other special populations at increased risks of UV-induced skin cancers include children, organ transplant recipients Rapamycin molecular weight (OTRs), and persons with sun-sensitive genetic skin diseases. Epidemiological evidence now supports the observations that children who have suffered repeated sunburns are more likely to develop CMM as adolescents and adults than children who have never had sunburns.[6, 7, 37] In 2012, Gamble and colleagues used ultraviolet photography to examine the relationships between severity of prior sun exposure damage and phenotypic CMM risk factors in children and demonstrated that degree of sun damage correlated with all known CMM risk factors including non-Hispanic Caucasian race, red hair, blue eyes, increased facial freckling, and greater number of nevi (all p values < 0.001).[6] In 2012, Vranova and colleagues reported the results of a case-control study on the risks of prior sun exposures in childhood on the subsequent incidence of CMMs and found the number of sunburn episodes to be significantly associated with CMMs in adolescents and adults.