However, over-fishing and concerns about pollution of the marine

environment indicate a need to develop alternative, sustainable sources of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) such as EPA and DHA. A number of different strategies have been considered, with one of the most promising being transgenic plants “”reverse-engineered”" to produce these so-called fish oils. Considerable progress has been made towards this goal and in this review we will outline the recent achievements in demonstrating the production of omega-3 VLC-PUFAs in transgenic plants. We will also consider how these enriched oils will allow the development of nutritionally-enhanced food products, suitable either for direct human ingestion or for use as an animal feedstuff. In particular, the requirements of Tubastatin A ic50 aquaculture for omega-3 VLC-PUFAs will act as a strong driver for the development of such products. In addition, biotechnological research on the synthesis of VLC-PUFAs has provided new insights into the complexities of acyl-channel ling and triacylglycerol biosynthesis in higher plants. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: The variable definition of size ratio (SR) for sidewall (SW) vs bifurcation (BIF) aneurysms raises confusion for lesions harboring small

branches, such as carotid ophthalmic or posterior communicating locations. These aneurysms are considered SW by many clinicians,

but SR methodology classifies them as BIF.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of ignoring Akt inhibitor small vessels and SW vs stringent BIF labeling on SR ruptured aneurysm detection performance in borderline aneurysms with small branches, and to reconcile SR-based labeling with clinical SW/BIF classification.

METHODS: Catheter rotational angiographic datasets of 134 consecutive aneurysms (60 ruptured) were automatically measured in 3-dimensional. Stringent BIF labeling was applied to clinically labeled aneurysms, with 21 aneurysms switching label from SW to BIF. Parent vessel size was evaluated both taking into account, and ignoring, small Adenylyl cyclase vessels. SR was defined accordingly as the ratio between aneurysm and parent vessel sizes. Univariate and multivariate statistics identified significant features. The square of the correlation coefficient (R-2) was reported for bivariate analysis of alternative SR calculations.

RESULTS: Regardless of SW/BIF labeling method, SR was equally significant in discriminating aneurysm ruptured status (P < .001). Bivariate analysis of alternative SR had a high correlation of R-2 = 0.94 on the whole dataset, and R-2 = 0.98 on the 21 borderline aneurysms.

CONCLUSION: Ignoring small branches from SR calculation maintains rupture status detection performance, while reducing postprocessing complexity and removing labeling ambiguity.