Baboons (n = 9) received a kidney graft from pigs that were either wild-type (n = 2), alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GT-KO; BEZ235 manufacturer n = 1) or GT-KO and transgenic for the complement-regulatory protein, CD46 (GT-KO/CD46, n = 6). In the baboon where the graft developed hyperacute rejection (n = 1), the platelets and PBMCs expressed TF within 4 h of Tx. In the remaining baboons, TF was detected on platelets on post-Tx day 1. Subsequently, platelet-leukocyte aggregation developed with formation of thrombin. In the six baboons with CC, TF was not detected on baboon PBMCs until CC was beginning to develop. Graft histopathology showed fibrin
deposition and platelet aggregation (n = 6), but with only minor or
no features indicating a humoral immune response (n = 3), and no macrophage, B or T cell infiltration (n = 6). Activation of platelets to express TF was associated with the initiation of CC, whereas TF expression on PBMCs was concomitant with the onset of CC, often in the relative absence of features of acute humoral xenograft rejection. Prevention of recipient platelet activation may be crucial for successful pig-to-primate kidney Tx.”
“We report the nonaqueous synthesis and magnetic properties of narrowly size distributed ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals of two different particle sizes by nanoemulsion, of which structure and properties were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, LY2835219 and physical property measurement system. The morphological and structural characterization show the high crystallinity and excellent particle size distribution of the ZnFe2O4 nanocrystals in the https://www.selleckchem.com/products/blebbistatin.html diameters of 5.37 +/- 60.68 nm and 6.44 +/- 60.95 nm, separately. Meantime, the corresponding magnetic measurements reveal the strong size dependence and well-defined nanomagnetism of the nanocrystals. (C)
2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3540407]“
“Sensitization to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloantigens is critical in transplantation rejection. The mechanism of sensitization to minor histocompatibility antigens (Mi-HAg) has not been thoroughly explored. We used a mouse model of allosensitization to Mi-HAg to study the Mi-HAg sensitization barrier in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). AKR mice were sensitized with MHC congenic Mi-HAg disparate B10.BR skin grafts. Adaptive humoral (B-cells) and cellular (T cells) responses to Mi-HAg are elicited. In subsequent BMT, only 20% of sensitized mice engrafted, while 100% of unsensitized mice did. In vivo cytotoxicity assays showed that Mi-HAg sensitized AKR mice eliminated CFSE labeled donor splenocytes significantly more rapidly than naive AKR mice but less rapidly than MHC-sensitized recipients.