Certain masses, foci, and areas of nonmass enhancement may be categorized as probably benign on baseline MR imaging. Elissa R. Price Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is now an accepted component of standard breast-imaging practice. This article reviews the fundamentals of performing an MR imaging–guided biopsy using a grid localization system, and discusses many of the finer points and nuances of the procedure. Tips and tricks found useful at the authors’ institution are included, although multiple variations also exist. Performing effective and efficient MR imaging–guided biopsy depends both on deliberate

preparation (of the proceduralist, the patient, and the equipment) and on deliberate positioning (of the patient and selleck kinase inhibitor the sampling device). Samantha L. Heller, Ozvaldo Hernandez, and Linda Moy Breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is increasingly performed for a variety of indications, most commonly with the goal of detecting breast cancer. Percutaneous biopsy (usually under MR guidance or ultrasound if there is a correlating finding) is commonly used to evaluate suspicious imaging findings detected on MR imaging with the goal of identifying malignancy. It is important to be familiar with the characteristics and

management of high-risk lesions detected or biopsied under MR guidance. This review focuses on the appearance of a variety of breast lesions detected on MR imaging that require excision with focus on pathologic correlation. Savannah C. Partridge Protein kinase N1 and Elizabeth S. McDonald Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DWI) has shown promise for improving the positive check details predictive value of breast MR imaging for detection of breast cancer, evaluating tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and as a noncontrast alternative to MR imaging in screening for breast cancer. However, data quality varies widely. Before implementing DWI into clinical practice, one must understand the pertinent technical considerations and current evidence regarding clinical applications of breast DWI. This

article provides an overview of basic principles of DWI, optimization of breast DWI protocols, imaging features of benign and malignant breast lesions, promising clinical applications, and potential future directions. Patrick J. Bolan In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the breast can be used to measure the level of choline-containing compounds, which is a biomarker of malignancy. In the diagnostic setting, MRS can provide high specificity for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. MRS also can be used as an early response indicator in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This article describes the acquisition and analysis methods used for measuring total choline levels in the breast using MRS, reviews the findings from clinical studies of diagnosis and treatment response, and discusses problems, limitations, and future developments for this promising clinical technology.