Craniotomy was not carried on. The sonographic study was performed according to the Rules of Task Force Group on Cerebral Death of Neurosonology Research Group of the World Federation of Neurology [12]. The following criteria of the test were mandatory: 1. The investigation of anterior and posterior circulation. The study was conducted on a portable device Sonosite Micromaxx (USA) with broadband transducers L5–10 mHz, P1–5 mHz twice: at selleck screening library baseline

after assessment of clinical criteria of BD and 6 h later. Presence of reverberating flow, Vmax ranges, presence of midline shift in B mode were also measured. At baseline CDS revealed both MCA (right and left) in all 20 patients, both ACA in 16 patients and BA in 18 patients. Oscillating flow with Vmax −32 ± 12 sm/s in MCA was found. Data of extra- and intracranial artery and blood flow rates are presented below (Table 1 and Table 2). A midline shift 4–10 mm in B-mode was noted in 13 patients and it made artery differentiation difficult. Reverberating PI3K inhibitor flow in the proximal segment of ICA and in the V2 segment of VA was found in all patients. Vmax ranges were 96 ± 27 sm/s in ICA and 58 ± 17 sm/s in VA respectively. Reverberating and oscillating flow of intracranial and extracranial artery are presented in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4. After

6 h TCCS was successful in 16 patients. In all of 16 cases blood flow in the MCA as a systolic peak or reverberating flow oxyclozanide was detected. Extracranial ICA and VA were visualized in all cases. In the ICA and V2, V3 segments of the VA reverberating flow were detected. Vmax was 47 ± 25 sm/s in ICA and 35 ± 17 sm/s in VA. Spontaneous echo contrast in ICA and bulb was observed in 14 cases. Thus, the sensitivity of the method in extra and intracranial study was 100%. The separate holding TCD in early sensitivity was 90%, at a later date from the time of clinical brain death sensitivity decreased to 80%. Brain death is a clinical diagnosis and neurologic criteria are still the main valid in BD diagnosis. However BD diagnosis has a comprehensive ethic

value and on the one hand, there are some patients in whom specific components of clinical testing cannot be reliably performed or evaluated. Thus new maximal accurate, fast and safe test for BD diagnosis are required. On the other hand, frequently spontaneous and reflex movements, face trauma make difficulties of the BD diagnostics that is why additional confirmatory tests are considered to trend in unclear cases. Moreover, significant restriction of observational period or complete rejection of re-examination for BD diagnosis is discussed when confirmatory tests are performed [2], [8] and [13]. All the tests for BD diagnosis perfectly have to be: (a) feasible at the bedside; Color duplex scanning is the test which satisfies better than others to the requirements listed above.