For the four yield components, PN, SP, SFP, and GW, only SP was not significant between sites. Maximum tiller number per square meter in Nanjing was 313 m‒2 for II You 107 and 335 m‒2 for Xieyou 107, compared with 731 m‒2 for II You 107 and 738 m‒2 for Xieyou 107 in Taoyuan (P < 0.05). Panicle rate was significantly higher at Nanjing than at Taoyuan. The difference of source capacity (LAI at heading stage) and sink capacity between Taoyuan and Nanjing was also significant. The SM at Taoyuan was 1.68-fold higher for II You 107 and

1.63-fold higher for Xieyou PF-562271 in vivo 107 than at Nanjing. Leaf area indexes at heading stage for II You 107 and Xieyou 107 were 1.36 and 1.30-fold higher at Taoyuan than at Nanjing. The CV for SM was larger than that for LAI at heading stage and was identical for the two cultivars. The GD at Taoyuan was 42 d longer for II You 107 and 38 days longer for Xieyou 107 than at Nanjing. The difference in GD between the two sites

was caused mainly by PHP, with averages of 43 days for II You 107 and 39 days for Xieyou 107. No significant difference was found in HM across sites or years. There was a small difference in PH between Taoyuan and Nanjing for both cultivars, and PH was this website stable at approximately 110 cm. Overall, the significant differences between Taoyuan and Nanjing, in descending order, were PHP > GD > PN > MT > SM > LAI > PW > GW > SFP. PH, HM, and SP were relatively stable across locations, and the differences were not significant. The stability of yield-related traits was identical for both cultivars. Compared with the large differences between locations, the differences in the yield-related traits, with the exception of PR, SFP, and GW, between years for both cultivars were not significant. The CV

of 13 yield-related traits was nearly identical for both cultivars. Overall, GD, PH, GW, SFP, and PN were relatively stable across years, with CVs of smaller than 10%. Environment variance (S2) of the two cultivars, II You 107 and Xieyou 107, showed similar stability for GY ( Table 6). However, the stability of PW, GW, and SM of the large-panicle variety, Regorafenib molecular weight II You 107, was higher than that of the heavy-panicle cultivar, Xieyou 107. Among the yield-related traits, independent of large-panicle or heavy-panicle type, HM, PH, SFP, and GW were the most stable with a CV lower than 10%, followed by PW, GD, PHP, LAI, and SP with a moderate CV of 10%–20%. In comparison, MT, PR, and GY were the most unstable traits with the CV above 30%. Grain yield potential is defined as the yield of a cultivar when grown in an environment to which it is adapted, with unlimited nutrients and water and with pests, disease, weeds, lodging, and other stresses effectively controlled [28].