Individuals completed the short geriatric depression scale (GDS). We used bivariate statistics to determine whether demographic or disease-related factors, disease activity, quality of life or medication adherence was associated with depression. We used logistic regression to estimate independent effects of depression on medication adherence.

Results: A total of 359 elderly selleck compound individuals with IBD completed the GDS. The mean age was 70.2 years (SD 4.7); mean disease duration was 25.6 years (SD 17.6), and 62.6% had Crohn’s disease (CD). The point prevalence of depression was 22.6%. Lower education levels (p = 0.001), higher corticosteroid use (<0.01) and lower exercise levels (<0.001) were associated with depression.

For both CD and ulcerative colitis (UC), those with depression had increased disease activity (short Crohn’s disease activity index 52.5 versus 29, p = 0.005, and simple clinical colitis activity index 5 versus 2, p = 0.003). Depressed patients had lower quality of life (short IBD questionnaire 4.6 versus 5.7, p <0.001). Depressed individuals had reduced medication adherence (adjusted OR 2.18;

95% CI 1.04-4.57).

Conclusions: Depression is common in this geriatric IBD cohort. Depression is independently associated with reduced medication adherence. Recognition and treatment of depression in elderly patients with CA4P clinical trial IBD could improve outcomes. (C) 2013 European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Faraday MDV3100 mouse rotation spectra of Co nanoparticles embedded in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix were investigated by the theoretical and experimental approaches. Co nanoparticles were synthesized by means of the thermal decomposition method, which makes it possible to control the particle concentration without changing the particle size distribution. The amplitude of Faraday rotation is dependent on the particle concentration, and the Faraday rotation spectra show the blueshift accompanied by the

decrease in size of Co nanoparticles. The experimental results of Faraday spectra were consistent with the calculation using the Maxwell-Garnett model which is considering the size-dependent free-electron contribution and size independent bound-electron contribution. It was found that the spectral shift was caused only by the size-dependent diagonal element in the dielectric constant tensor, which originates from the confinement of the free electrons in nanoparticles. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3125321]“
“Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, and its prevalence has been increasing worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify a new therapeutic target to prevent diabetic nephropathy. Autophagy is a major catabolic pathway involved in degrading and recycling macromolecules and damaged organelles to maintain intracellular homeostasis.