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“ObjectivesSeveral recent studies have suggested that the physiopathology of bipolar disorder (BD) is related to immune system alterations and inflammation. Lithium (Li) is a mood stabilizer that is considered the first-line treatment for this mood disorder. The goal of the

present study was to investigate the effects of Li administration on behavior and cytokine levels [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-)] in the 3-deazaneplanocin A periphery and brains of rats subjected to an animal model of mania induced by amphetamine (d-AMPH). MethodsMale Wistar rats were treated with d-AMPH or saline (Sal) for 14days; on Day 8 of treatment, the rats were administered Li or Sal for the final seven

days. Cytokine (IL-1, GDC-0994 concentration IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-) levels were evaluated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum, frontal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus. ResultsThe present study showed that d-AMPH induced hyperactivity in rats (p smaller than 0.001), and Li treatment reversed this behavioral alteration (p smaller than 0.001). In addition, d-AMPH increased the levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF- in the frontal cortex (p smaller than 0.001), striatum (p smaller than 0.001), and serum (p smaller than 0.001), and treatment with Li reversed these cytokine alterations (p smaller than 0.001). ConclusionsLi modulates peripheral and cerebral cytokine production in an animal model of mania induced by d-AMPH, suggesting that its action on the inflammatory system may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy.”
“Objective: To assess perinatal risks to singleton births after in vitro fertilization (IVF) versus spontaneous conception.\n\nDesign: Cross-sectional.\n\nSetting: A 2006 registry database of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (JSOG) capturing 5.8% of total births.\n\nPatient(s): P505-15 53,939 singleton births from spontaneous conceptions and 1,408

singletons after IVF.\n\nIntervention(s): None.\n\nMain Outcome Measure(s): Perinatal death, low-birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), congenital malformation, and sex ratio assessment based on singleton birth cases versus singleton live-born cases.\n\nResult(s): In this study, IVF may include intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gamete intrafallopian transfer, or IVF followed by zygote intrafallopian transfer. In crude and adjusted analysis, perinatal death, SGA, congenital malformation, and sex ratio were not statistically significantly associated with IVF. The LBW rates were statistically significantly higher in IVF pregnancies, but the association statistically significantly decreased after adjusting for confounding factors. Placental previa, a maternal outcome, was found to be statistically significantly higher in IVF pregnancies.