Results: Sixty children (31.6%) were unilateral CI-only users, 128 (67.4%) were CI-hearing aid (HA) users, and 2 (1.1%) were bilateral CI users. Hearing loss level of CI users was significantly (p < 0.01) worse than that of HA-only users. However, the threshold level, maximum speech discrimination

score, and speech intelligibility rating in CI users were significantly (p < 0.01) better than those Selleckchem JNJ-26481585 in HA-only users. The scores for PVT-R (p < 0.01), SCTAW, and WET in CI users were better than those in HA-only users. STA and TQAID scores in CI-HA users were significantly (p < 0.05) better than those in unilateral CI-only users. The high correlation (r = 0.52) has been found between the age of CI and maximum speech discrimination score. The scores of speech and language tests in the implanted children before 24 months of age have been better than those in the implanted children after 24 months of age.

Conclusions: We could indicate that CI was effective for language development in Japanese hearing-impaired children and early CI was more effective for productive vocabulary and syntax. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights

reserved.”
“”"Preliminary Investigation Evaluating the Influence of Compaction and Grinding Process and Relationship with Crystalline and Polymorphic Properties of the Thalidomide”". Selleck MEK inhibitor According to literature, thalidomide presents polymorphic forms reflecting in distinct crystalline habits, particle sizes and intrinsic dissolution

rates. Taking in account this issue and the fact of thalidomide to be produced as tablets in some countries as Brazil, 点击此处 in this work was investigated the influence of the compaction and grinding process and the relationship with polymorphic phases of thalidomide samples. The samples before and after to be processed were evaluated by XRD and DSC. From the results obtained by XRD is noted that the effect of samples compaction, add to grinding, resulted in small structural change, although without occurrence of polymorphic transition during the process. The beta polymorph presented differential crystallographic behavior after processing of the sample, suggesting compressional characteristics also differentiated, which can be evaluated in future studies. Under high temperatures, the alpha polymorph undergoes phase transition, which becomes converted to the beta polymorph, being this thermodynamic event influenced by particular crystalline characteristics of each sample, accelerated by their processing.