Systolic heart failure refers to failure of the pump function of the heart, which characterized by a decreased ejection fraction. Diastolic heart failure is generally described as the failure of the ventricle to adequately relax and typically denotes a stiffer ventricular wall. DHF and SHF can be attributed to multiple factors that are mainly linked to metabolic disturbances. Metabolic syn drome EPZ-5676 mll refers to a constellation of cardiovascular disease risk factors including obesity and abdominal fat distribution, disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, and hypertension. MetS components strongly associ ated with DHF and SHF, which leads to stiffening of LV resulting to diastolic or systolic dysfunction. Add itionally, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity were found to adversely affect cardiac structure and function.

Patients with established cardiovascular disease or additional high risk cardiovascular disease characteristic ally have HT, DM and hyperlipidemia. MetS, DHF and SHF trend to be co prevalent in high risk patients who accounted for more than a half of the hospitalization patients in department of cardiovascular disease. High risk patients with diastolic and systolic HF were found to have high morbidity and mortality. It is import ant to clarify the relationship of MetS, DHF and SHF in high risk patients because this information can be of benefit to clinicians in the prediction, prevention and treatment and of DHF and SHF. In addition, previous studies were conducted to explore the relationship of MetS and DHF or SHF in respective reference sample, but not a shared reference sample.

The multi nomial logistic regression MEK162 ARRY-162 includes several LR models to estimate the associations between predictors and each of outcomes as compared with reference cat egory simultaneous. So regression coefficients may differ per outcome. However, in high risk patients, the extent to which clustering components of the MetS predicting DHF and SHF in an entire sample has not been well characterized. Little document has been found to reported shared pre dictors to both outcomes. In addition, the predictive value of MetS severity for DHF and SHF can be devel oped in prospective cohort study or the cross sectional study. The purpose of this study was, in high risk patients, to estimate effects of MetS or its components with DHF and or SHF simultaneous in an entire sample, to evaluate shared predictors to both DHF and SHF, and assess the predictive value of MetS severity for DHF and SHF. Methods Study population We retrospectively recruited 347 consecutive symptomatic Chinese patients with suspected myocardial ischemia scheduled for coronary angiography between February 2009 and May 2011 at the Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, China.