The authors declare no financial or commercial conflict of interest. “
“Recent scientific discoveries fuelled by the application of next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing technologies highlight the striking impact of these platforms in characterizing multiple Wnt antagonist aspects in genomics research. This technology has been used in the study of the B-cell

and T-cell receptor repertoire. The novelty of immunosequencing comes from the recent rapid development of techniques and the exponential reduction in cost of sequencing. Here, we describe some of the technologies, which we collectively refer to as Rep-Seq (repertoire sequencing), to portray achievements in the field and to present the essential and inseparable role of next-generation sequencing to the understanding of entities in immune response. PD98059 ic50 The large Rep-Seq data sets that should be available in the near future call for new computational algorithms to segue the transition from ‘classic’ molecular-based

analysis to system-wide analysis. The combination of new algorithms with high-throughput data will form the basis for possible new clinical implications in personalized medicine and deeper understanding of immune behaviour and immune response. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has established itself as a highly useful platform in characterizing multiple aspects of genomics research. It has been used to re-sequence

EGFR antibody inhibitor the genome of previously sequenced organisms (re-sequencing);1 sequence the genomes of organisms with unknown sequences (de novo sequencing, e.g. application2 and algorithm3); determine RNA abundance levels (RNA-seq);4 determine protein–DNA binding regions (ChIP-seq);5 determine protein–RNA binding sequences (CLIP-seq)6; and more.7–9 This technology has been used in the study of the immunoglobulin repertoire. Described here, through the collection of presented works, is how a systematic, accurate, unbiased analysis of the immunological repertoire is within reach. The immunological repertoire is the collection of trans-membrane antigen-receptor proteins located on the surface of T and B cells. The combinatorial mechanism that is responsible for encoding the receptors, does so by reshuffling the genetic code, with a potential to generate more than 1018 different T-cell receptors (TCRs) in humans,10 and a much more diverse B-cell repertoire. These sequences, in turn, will be transcribed and then translated into protein, to be presented on the cell surface. The recombination process that rearranges the gene segments for the construction of the receptors is key to the development of the immune response, and the correct formation of the rearranged receptors is critical to their future binding affinity to antigen.