The main contributor was benzothiazole, a rubber-related semivolatile organic chemical (SVOC) that was 14-fold higher indoors than outdoors. Based upon these findings, outdoor and indoor synthetic turf fields are not associated with elevated adverse health risks. However, it would be prudent for building operators to provide adequate ventilation to prevent a buildup of rubber-related volatile organic chemicals (VOC) and SVOC at indoor fields. The current results are generally consistent with the findings from studies conducted by New York City, New York State, the U. S. Environmental Belnacasan cell line Protection Agency (EPA), and Norway, which

tested different kinds of fields and under a variety FLT3 inhibitor of weather conditions.”
“The use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “”ecstasy”") as a recreational drug has spread worldwide. Fatal hyperthermia is a likely side effect of using MDMA in combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. However, most antidepressants do not pose a high risk of developing hyperthermia when used in conjunction with MDMA. Mirtazapine is a novel antidepressant and a

potent 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist. It remains to be elucidated whether mirtazapine is unlikely to have life-threatening implications in combination with MDMA. In the present study, we evaluated whether mirtazapine and fluoxetine influence MDMA-induced hyperthermia in rats. The rectal temperature of the rats increased to above 41 C following an injection of MDMA (10 mg/kg). Pre- and post-treatment administration of mirtazapine (5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated MDMA-induced hyperthermia. Administration of WAY100635 (1 mg/kg), a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, did not influence the ability of mirtazapine

to decrease hyperthermia induced by MDMA. Although pretreatment administration of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated MDMA-induced hyperthermia, post-treatment administration Wee1 inhibitor of the same drug had no effect. The differences in body temperature between the groups post-treated mirtazapine and the groups post-treated fluoxetine may be due to differing mechanisms of action of the two antidepressants. The present study indicates that mirtazapine is unlikely to induce fatal hyperthermia when used with MDMA, and it may be rather effective against MDMA-induced hyperthermia. Considering our previous study demonstrating that potent 5-HT(2A) antagonists completely inhibit MDMA-induced hyperthermia, the findings of the present study suggest that mirtazapine inhibits MDMA-induced hyperthermia mainly by blocking the activation of 5-HT(2A) receptors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Synthetic turf fields cushioned with crumb rubber may be a source of chemical exposure to those playing on the fields. Benzothiazole (BZT) may volatilize from crumb rubber and result in inhalation exposure.