Black circles = GT group; White circles mTOR inhibitor = PL group. Figure 3 Percent change scores from pre- to post-training for each individual
participant for (A) critical velocity, (B) anaerobic running capacity, (C) aerobic capacity, (D) percent body fat, (E) fat mass and (F) lean body mass. Black circles = GT group; White circles = PL group. A type I error rate that was less than or equal to 5% was considered statistically significant for all analyses. ANOVA models and t-tests were computed using SPSS (Version 14.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill), and the 95% confidence intervals and individual response graphs were calculated and created in Microsoft Excel (Version 2007, Microsoft Corporation; The Microsoft Network, LLC, Richmond, WA). Results Table 3 contains the means and standard errors for each of the dependent variables (CV, ARC, VO2max, %BF, FM, and LBM). In addition, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the GT and PL groups at the pre-training testing session. Table 3 Mean ± SE values from pre- to post-training for critical velocity (CV), anaerobic running capacity (ARC), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), percent body fat (%BF), fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) for GT and PL. CV (km/hr) ARC (km) VO2max (l·min-1) VO2max (ml·kg·min) Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post GT (n = 13) Autophagy Compound Library mouse 12.4 ± 0.8 12.8
± 0.8 0.2 ± 0.01 0.2 ± 0.02 3.1 ± 0.3 3.65 ± 0.2* 47.9 ± 3.4 56.2 ± 2.7* PL (n = 11) 10.7 ± 0.5 10.9 ± 0.6 0.2 ± 0.03 0.3 ± 0.04 3.1 ± 0.2 3.2 ± 0.3* 56.5 ± 2.1 45.3 ± 2.3* %BF FM (kg) LBM (kg) Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post GT (n = 13) 18.9 ± 2.5 17.7
± 2.1 12.7 ± 1.9 12.0 ± 1.7 54.2 ± 3.5 55.4 ± 3.7 PL (n = 11) 19.1 ± 1.8 17.1 ± 1.9 12.4 ± 1.1 10.6 ± 1.1 53 ± 2.7 52.4 ± 3.2 *indicates a significant difference over time (p < 0.05). ANOVA Models For CV, there was no time × group interaction (p = 0.256) and no main effect for time (p = 0.507), but there was a main effect for group (p = 0.036). Prostatic acid phosphatase CV for the GT group was greater than the PL group at the pre- and post-training testing sessions. For ARC, there was no time × group interaction (p = 0.183) and no main effects for time (p = 0.093) or group (p = 0.053). For VO2max, there was no time × group interaction (p = 0.391) and no main effect for group (p = 0.258), but there was a main effect for time (p = 0.028). VO2max increased from pre- to post-training for the GT and PL groups. For %BF, there was no time × group interaction (p = 0.481) and no main effects for time (p = 0.178) or group (p = 0.864). For FM, there was no time × group interaction (p = 0.335) and no main effects for time (p = 0.305) or group (p = 0.583). For LBM, there was no time × group interaction (p = 0.386) and no main effects for time (p = 0.694) or group (p = 0.615).