“
“Purpose of review
We highlight some of the major recent advances that have been made towards understanding the mechanisms that control endocrine differentiation and cell identity in the
pancreas and intestine.
Recent findings
Notch signaling plays a complex role in the fate choice between endocrine, duct, and acinar lineages in the developing pancreas. New approaches to dissecting the role of mesenchymal cells in the developing endocrine pancreas reveal inhibitory signals from the endothelium. Epigenetic mechanisms represent another layer of control over pancreatic development and beta cell identity. Further details on the transcriptional control of enteroendocrine cell development have emerged and revealed a surprising role for FoxO1 in restraining insulin expression in LY2606368 inhibitor the gut. Incremental progress is being made in the field of directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells to pancreatic b cells Selleckchem Linsitinib and the first reported differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into intestinal organoids containing enteroendocrine
cells represents a major breakthrough.
Summary
Greater knowledge of the fundamental processes controlling endocrine development in the pancreas and intestine has the potential to advance the field of regenerative medicine by providing a pathway to successfully create cell types of clinical interest.”
“Objective: To evaluate an intervention package promoting effective neonatal resuscitation training at county level hospitals across China.
Methods: The intervention package was implemented across 4 counties and included expert seminars, training workshops, establishment of hospital-based resuscitation teams, and supervision of training by national and provincial instructors. Upon completing the activities, a survey was conducted in all county hospitals in the 4 intervention counties and 4 randomly selected control counties. Data on healthcare providers’ knowledge and self-confidence, and incidence of deaths from birth asphyxia from 2009 to 2011 OSI-906 research buy in all hospitals were collected and compared between the two groups.
Results: Eleven intervention and eleven control hospitals participated in the evaluation, with 97 and 87 health providers, respectively,
completing the questionnaire survey. Over 90% of intervention hospitals had implemented neonatal resuscitation related practice protocols, while in control hospitals the proportion was less than 55%. The average knowledge scores of health providers in the intervention and control counties taking a written exam were 9.2 +/- 1.2 and 8.4 +/- 1.5, respectively (P < 0.001) out of maximum possible score of 10, and the average self-confidence scores were 57.3 +/- 2.5 and 54.1 +/- 8.2, respectively (P < 0.001). Incidence of birth asphyxia (defined as 1-min Apgar score < 7) decreased from 8.8% to 6.0% (P < 0.001) in the intervention counties, and asphyxia-related deaths in the delivery room decreased from 27.6 to 5.0 per 100,000 (P = 0.076).