The dissolution efficiency calculated for optimized ODT and conventional directly compressed tablet were almost comparable, indicating free dissociation of the drug from the resinate. The bitter taste of DXM can be masked by binding SNS-032 with ion exchange resin and the resinate can be successfully formulated into oral disintegrating tablets.”
“Although waterpipe smoking is growing in popularity worldwide, its epidemiology remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and attitudes of waterpipe smoking among 489 medical students (54.6% female; mean age 20.4 +/- 2.0 years) in the United Kingdom by conducting

a cross-sectional survey. Waterpipe smoking was more common than cigarette smoking (current 11.0% vs. 6.3%, ever 51.7% vs. 16.8%). Mean age at waterpipe smoking initiation was 16.1 +/- 2.6 years. Sex, selleck kinase inhibitor ethnicity and sociodemographic factors did not predict current/ever waterpipe smoking. Tobacco control efforts need to consider waterpipe smoking in the light of this high prevalence.”
“The objective of this study

was to use Box-Behnken design (BBD) to investigate the influence of formulation variables on the properties of heparin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-polymethacrylate-RLPO (E-RLPO) nanoparticles (NP) in terms of mean diameter (as size) and drug encapsulation efficiency. The NPs were prepared by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The independent variables were: X(1) polymer mass ratio (PLGA:E-RLPO) in the oil phase, X(2) concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as emulsion stabilizer, and X(3) volume of the external

aqueous phase (W(2)). Particle size (analyzed by dynamic light scattering) and encapsulation efficiency (EE, estimated by spectrophotometry) were the investigated responses. The polynomial equation obtained from regression analysis of the reduced model (p = 0.0002, F = 25.7952 and R(2) = 0.96) provided an excellent fit. The optimal size for the NP was found to be 134.2 +/- 16.5 nm with formulation variables of 48.2:61.8, 0.321 (%, m/V) and GSK923295 in vivo 263 mL for X(1), X(2) and X(3), respectively. Probably, due to electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged drug and the positively charged E-RLPO, the percent EE of heparin was between 74.4 +/- 6.5 % (lowest value) and 92.1 +/- 5.3 % (highest value). The data suggest that BBD is a useful tool in rational design of heparin-loaded NPs.”
“Tramadol-loaded interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) alginate-gelatin (AG) microgels (MG) were prepared by the chemical cross-linking technique with glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent and were optimized using response surfaces.