HE staining was used to observe the distribution of CIK and tumor cells. Further, antitumor activity of CIK cells was examined in nude mouse xenograft model. Ten nude mice were injected with 6 × 106 TE3 cells subcutaneously. Five days later, CIK cells (5 × 107) (experiment group) or BPS (control group) was injected into nude mice intravenously once a week. Results: The CIK cell population contained 97.39% CD3+ cells and 39.8% CD3+CD56+ cells. At the effector-target cell ratio of 30:1, CIK cells killed nearly 50% of TE3 cells. HE staining showed CIK cells aggregated around TE3 cells when they were co-cultured. In nude mice model,

tumor weight was reduced in CIK cells GSK3 inhibitor treated group compared with control group (0.21 ± 0.07 g vs. 0.53 ± 0.10 g, P < 0.05). Here, we provide evidences that CIK cells had an growth inhibition effect on esophageal squamous cells carcinoma in vitro and in vivio. Conclusion: CIK cells therapy may be a candidate choice for esophageal cancer patients. Key Word(s): 1. esophageal cancer; 2. immunotherapy; 3. CIK cells; Presenting

Author: LINLIN REN Additional Authors: JIE HONG, JINGYUAN FANG Corresponding Author: JIE HONG, JINGYUAN FANG Affiliations: Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Objective: The polycomb group protein EZH2, which has histone methyltrasferase (HMT) activity, has been increasingly studied recently. It was reported that EZH2 is involved in many processes BMS-777607 research buy such as cell cycle, apoptosis. However, whether EZH2 participates in the process of authphagy and its regulatory mechanism in CRC (colorectal cancer) remains unclear. Methods: ZEB1, EZH2 and PTEN expression were measured by Western Blot and immunohistochemistry respectively. ZEB1, EZH2 and PTEN mRNA level were measured by real-time PCR. Transfection of ZEB1 siRNA, EZH2 siRNA and other plasmids were carried out by using Lipofectamine 2000. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was performed using the ChIP assay system. Luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out using the Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay

System following the manufacturer’s protocol. Results: Knockdown of EZH2 induced the formation of autophagesomes in colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620, which was evident on electron microscopy. Furthermore, Western medchemexpress Blot and real-time PCR data showed that ZEB1 and EZH2 may regulate the expression of PTEN, which plays a vital role in autophagy. Moreover, downregulation of ZEB1 significantly reduced the expression of EZH2. A highly inverse correlation between the expression of EZH2 and ZEB1 and that of PTEN was also revealed in CRC tissues compared with normal tissue in patients Conclusion: we firstly revealed the impact of EZH2 on autophagy during CRC carcinogenesis. At the same time, we firstly identified that EZH2 expression may be regulated by ZEB1 in colorectal cancer.

HE staining was used to observe the distribution of CIK and tumor cells. Further, antitumor activity of CIK cells was examined in nude mouse xenograft model. Ten nude mice were injected with 6 × 106 TE3 cells subcutaneously. Five days later, CIK cells (5 × 107) (experiment group) or BPS (control group) was injected into nude mice intravenously once a week. Results: The CIK cell population contained 97.39% CD3+ cells and 39.8% CD3+CD56+ cells. At the effector-target cell ratio of 30:1, CIK cells killed nearly 50% of TE3 cells. HE staining showed CIK cells aggregated around TE3 cells when they were co-cultured. In nude mice model,

tumor weight was reduced in CIK cells learn more treated group compared with control group (0.21 ± 0.07 g vs. 0.53 ± 0.10 g, P < 0.05). Here, we provide evidences that CIK cells had an growth inhibition effect on esophageal squamous cells carcinoma in vitro and in vivio. Conclusion: CIK cells therapy may be a candidate choice for esophageal cancer patients. Key Word(s): 1. esophageal cancer; 2. immunotherapy; 3. CIK cells; Presenting

Author: LINLIN REN Additional Authors: JIE HONG, JINGYUAN FANG Corresponding Author: JIE HONG, JINGYUAN FANG Affiliations: Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Objective: The polycomb group protein EZH2, which has histone methyltrasferase (HMT) activity, has been increasingly studied recently. It was reported that EZH2 is involved in many processes Belnacasan nmr such as cell cycle, apoptosis. However, whether EZH2 participates in the process of authphagy and its regulatory mechanism in CRC (colorectal cancer) remains unclear. Methods: ZEB1, EZH2 and PTEN expression were measured by Western Blot and immunohistochemistry respectively. ZEB1, EZH2 and PTEN mRNA level were measured by real-time PCR. Transfection of ZEB1 siRNA, EZH2 siRNA and other plasmids were carried out by using Lipofectamine 2000. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was performed using the ChIP assay system. Luciferase reporter gene assay was carried out using the Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay

System following the manufacturer’s protocol. Results: Knockdown of EZH2 induced the formation of autophagesomes in colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW620, which was evident on electron microscopy. Furthermore, Western 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 Blot and real-time PCR data showed that ZEB1 and EZH2 may regulate the expression of PTEN, which plays a vital role in autophagy. Moreover, downregulation of ZEB1 significantly reduced the expression of EZH2. A highly inverse correlation between the expression of EZH2 and ZEB1 and that of PTEN was also revealed in CRC tissues compared with normal tissue in patients Conclusion: we firstly revealed the impact of EZH2 on autophagy during CRC carcinogenesis. At the same time, we firstly identified that EZH2 expression may be regulated by ZEB1 in colorectal cancer.

We determined for the first time how different types of land use affect the perceptual range of a species, using as model organisms two neotropical marsupials endemic to the Atlantic Forest in Brazil (Philander frenatus and Didelphis aurita). We released and tracked the movements of 196

individuals in three types of land use commonly found in fragmented landscapes: manioc plantation, mowed pasture and abandoned pasture. We also determined how orientation to the nearest forest fragment is affected by distance to the fragment, wind speed, body mass and sex using a model selection approach. The type of land use affected check details the perceptual ranges of both marsupials. The estimated perceptual ranges for P. frenatus and D. aurita were 100 and 200 m in the mowed pasture, respectively, 50 and <30 m in the abandoned pasture and 30 and 50 m in the plantation. The orientation of both species decreased with increasing distance to the fragment, but for D. aurita orientation also increased with the wind speed and body mass. These results agree with previous studies depicting a general pattern of increased perceptual range with lower vegetation obstruction in the matrix and larger body mass and wind speed, depending on the use of visual versus click here olfactory cues by animals. Our findings allow more realistic estimates of

functional connectivity in fragmented landscapes based on basic information on the biology of each species and the type of matrix. “
“We studied the social organization, use of foraging habitat, roost switching and diet of the sucker-footed bat Myzopoda aurita in south-eastern Madagascar. All 138 bats caught were males, 18 of which were selected for radio-tracking.

The areas individual bats used for foraging varied between 7 and 108 ha (100% minimum convex polygon). Bats foraged close the roost for the first hour after emergence, then travelled up to 1.8 km away. Compositional analysis revealed that they selected coffee plantations, MCE公司 degraded humid forest and wooded grassland more than any other habitats. All 133 roosts located consisted of the partially unfurled leaves of Ravenala madagascariensis and housed between nine and 51 individuals. Bats changed roosts every 1–5 days. Their diet comprised mainly of Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. No ectoparasites were observed. Myzopoda aurita is one of the few mammals endemic to Madagascar that uses disturbed patches of vegetation and is not therefore threatened by deforestation, although it may be affected by loss of roosts for building materials. The search for females continues. “
“In the extensive geographical distribution of the common dolphin, several morphotypes of uncertain taxonomic status, identified by the relative length of their rostra, have been established.

Regarding specific sleep hygiene behaviors, over half of the entire sample endorsed frequently or always using their bed for something other than sleep or sex (62.0%), doing

something that may wake them up before bedtime http://www.selleckchem.com/CDK.html (61.3%), going to bed at different times each day (56.8%), doing important work before bed (56.5%), and thinking, planning, or worrying in bed (55.8%). However, the MANOVA failed to reveal any significant between-group differences across the 13 specific sleep behaviors, Wilks’ lambda = 0.949, F(13,269) = 1.116, P = not significant. As shown in Table 1, migraineurs reported higher levels of both depression and anxiety than controls. These mean differences were replicated in comparisons Selleckchem GDC-0980 of group proportions meeting clinical cut-offs for moderate or greater symptomatology on both the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 (scores ≥10). Specifically, 39.7% of migraineurs vs 20.2% of controls reported clinically significant depression (P = .001), and 34.6% of migraineurs vs 18.4% of controls reported clinically significant anxiety (P = .004). As such, depression and anxiety scores were entered as covariates in the subsequent regression analyses. As depicted in Table 2, sleep quality, depression symptomatology, and anxiety symptomatology were all significantly predictive of migraine frequency in the

univariate analyses. Daytime sleepiness and sleep hygiene were not predictive of headache frequency and were thus not analyzed in the adjusted analyses with covariates. After first adjusting for depression and anxiety, the association between sleep quality

and migraine frequency remained significant (Block 2 ΔR2 = 5.3%, P = .04). None of the sleep disturbance or psychiatric 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 variables were significantly associated with headache severity. As shown in Table 3, both sleep quality and sleep hygiene were associated with headache-related disability, as were symptoms of depression and anxiety. In the adjusted analyses, depression and anxiety were first entered as covariates, and a stepwise entry procedure was employed with sleep quality and sleep hygiene in the second block (P < .05 required for entry into the model) in order to assess their relative contributions to disability. The stepwise procedure selected only sleep quality into the covariate-adjusted model, which accounted for 5.8% of unique variance in headache-related disability after controlling for depression and anxiety (P = .02). The current study examined the relative importance of 3 distinct sleep disturbance variables (ie, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, sleep hygiene) pertinent to insomnia among young adult episodic migraineurs, a population of interest because of their high rates of migraine,[40, 41] disturbed sleep,[42, 43] and psychiatric comorbidities.[41, 44] Of additional interest was delineating any potential relationship between sleep disturbance and affective symptomatology.

Regarding specific sleep hygiene behaviors, over half of the entire sample endorsed frequently or always using their bed for something other than sleep or sex (62.0%), doing

something that may wake them up before bedtime Ivacaftor in vitro (61.3%), going to bed at different times each day (56.8%), doing important work before bed (56.5%), and thinking, planning, or worrying in bed (55.8%). However, the MANOVA failed to reveal any significant between-group differences across the 13 specific sleep behaviors, Wilks’ lambda = 0.949, F(13,269) = 1.116, P = not significant. As shown in Table 1, migraineurs reported higher levels of both depression and anxiety than controls. These mean differences were replicated in comparisons Vismodegib cell line of group proportions meeting clinical cut-offs for moderate or greater symptomatology on both the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 (scores ≥10). Specifically, 39.7% of migraineurs vs 20.2% of controls reported clinically significant depression (P = .001), and 34.6% of migraineurs vs 18.4% of controls reported clinically significant anxiety (P = .004). As such, depression and anxiety scores were entered as covariates in the subsequent regression analyses. As depicted in Table 2, sleep quality, depression symptomatology, and anxiety symptomatology were all significantly predictive of migraine frequency in the

univariate analyses. Daytime sleepiness and sleep hygiene were not predictive of headache frequency and were thus not analyzed in the adjusted analyses with covariates. After first adjusting for depression and anxiety, the association between sleep quality

and migraine frequency remained significant (Block 2 ΔR2 = 5.3%, P = .04). None of the sleep disturbance or psychiatric MCE公司 variables were significantly associated with headache severity. As shown in Table 3, both sleep quality and sleep hygiene were associated with headache-related disability, as were symptoms of depression and anxiety. In the adjusted analyses, depression and anxiety were first entered as covariates, and a stepwise entry procedure was employed with sleep quality and sleep hygiene in the second block (P < .05 required for entry into the model) in order to assess their relative contributions to disability. The stepwise procedure selected only sleep quality into the covariate-adjusted model, which accounted for 5.8% of unique variance in headache-related disability after controlling for depression and anxiety (P = .02). The current study examined the relative importance of 3 distinct sleep disturbance variables (ie, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, sleep hygiene) pertinent to insomnia among young adult episodic migraineurs, a population of interest because of their high rates of migraine,[40, 41] disturbed sleep,[42, 43] and psychiatric comorbidities.[41, 44] Of additional interest was delineating any potential relationship between sleep disturbance and affective symptomatology.

Other explanations such as stockpiling medications should also be considered. Given the definition of MOH is defined as escalation in migraine associated with increasing use of medication for greater than

3 months, it is difficult to define this patient as having MOH, but this diagnosis cannot be absolutely excluded either. In terms of rescue medication beyond the study medication, during month 1, 7 subjects (2 in group A; 5 in group B) rescued with an antihistamine; 1 an over-the-counter (OTC) analgesic; 2 an opiate agonist. During month 2, 4 subjects (3 in group A; 1 in group B) rescued with an opiate agonist. During month 3, 5 subjects (4 in group A; 1 RG-7388 solubility dmso in group B) rescued with an OTC analgesic; 3 an opiate agonist; 1 a non-opioid analgesic. The same subject in group A used an

opiate agonist as a rescue medication www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk126.html during all 3 months; 4 times in month 1; 6 times in month 2; and once in month 3. There was substantial improvement in total overall MIDAS scores at baseline (visit 2) and at visit 5 for both groups in the per protocol population. The mean score for group A decreased from 76 to 56, whereas the mean score for group B decreased from 81 to 16 (Fig. 6 —). There were 2 serious adverse events (SAEs) reported in this study, but neither was considered to be drug related (Table 3). In group B, one subject was hospitalized for cholecystitis, and another was hospitalized for menorrhagia. Each of the SAEs resolved and both subjects completed the study. Conceivably, menorrhagia could have been worsened by the use of high-dose naproxen sodium, but this was not felt to be the case by the investigator. Both active treatment medications used in the 2 groups were well tolerated. There was no significant difference in adverse events (AEs) between the groups. Total number affected by nonserious adverse event (NSAE) = 15 of 28 (54%) Number affected by NSAE

in group A = 9 of 16 (56%) Number affected by NSAE in group B = 6 of 12 (50%) Total number affected by SAE = 2 of 28 (7%) As a small exploratory pilot study, the results must be medchemexpress interpreted with caution and bear in mind the purpose of this study is to generate hypotheses for further study. It is also paramount to be cognizant of treatments deemed effective in EM cannot be assumed to be effective in CM. It is essential to understand that the evidence base for pharmacological treatment of CM is in its infancy. The results of this study compared the effectiveness of two acute medications used daily and preventively for 1 month followed by using the same 2 acute medications to abort attacks for 2 months. In month 1, when the study medication was used as a daily preventive and, if needed, additionally as an acute intervention, there was a decrease in migraine headache days for both group A and B.

Other explanations such as stockpiling medications should also be considered. Given the definition of MOH is defined as escalation in migraine associated with increasing use of medication for greater than

3 months, it is difficult to define this patient as having MOH, but this diagnosis cannot be absolutely excluded either. In terms of rescue medication beyond the study medication, during month 1, 7 subjects (2 in group A; 5 in group B) rescued with an antihistamine; 1 an over-the-counter (OTC) analgesic; 2 an opiate agonist. During month 2, 4 subjects (3 in group A; 1 in group B) rescued with an opiate agonist. During month 3, 5 subjects (4 in group A; 1 MK-1775 in group B) rescued with an OTC analgesic; 3 an opiate agonist; 1 a non-opioid analgesic. The same subject in group A used an

opiate agonist as a rescue medication Lumacaftor chemical structure during all 3 months; 4 times in month 1; 6 times in month 2; and once in month 3. There was substantial improvement in total overall MIDAS scores at baseline (visit 2) and at visit 5 for both groups in the per protocol population. The mean score for group A decreased from 76 to 56, whereas the mean score for group B decreased from 81 to 16 (Fig. 6 —). There were 2 serious adverse events (SAEs) reported in this study, but neither was considered to be drug related (Table 3). In group B, one subject was hospitalized for cholecystitis, and another was hospitalized for menorrhagia. Each of the SAEs resolved and both subjects completed the study. Conceivably, menorrhagia could have been worsened by the use of high-dose naproxen sodium, but this was not felt to be the case by the investigator. Both active treatment medications used in the 2 groups were well tolerated. There was no significant difference in adverse events (AEs) between the groups. Total number affected by nonserious adverse event (NSAE) = 15 of 28 (54%) Number affected by NSAE

in group A = 9 of 16 (56%) Number affected by NSAE in group B = 6 of 12 (50%) Total number affected by SAE = 2 of 28 (7%) As a small exploratory pilot study, the results must be medchemexpress interpreted with caution and bear in mind the purpose of this study is to generate hypotheses for further study. It is also paramount to be cognizant of treatments deemed effective in EM cannot be assumed to be effective in CM. It is essential to understand that the evidence base for pharmacological treatment of CM is in its infancy. The results of this study compared the effectiveness of two acute medications used daily and preventively for 1 month followed by using the same 2 acute medications to abort attacks for 2 months. In month 1, when the study medication was used as a daily preventive and, if needed, additionally as an acute intervention, there was a decrease in migraine headache days for both group A and B.

, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Grant/Research Support: Clinuvel, Inc, Vertex, Forskolin mw Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Clinuvel, Inc, Vertex, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Clinuvel, Inc, Vertex, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Clinuvel, Inc, Vertex Speaking and Teaching: Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals Bornstein, Jeffrey D., MD (Clinical Research Workshop) Employment: Gilead Sciences Bosch, Jaime, MD, PhD, FRCP (Parallel Session) Consulting: Falk, Gilead Science, Norgine,

ONO-USA, Intercept pharma, Exalenz, Almirall, Conatus Grant/Research Support: Gore Bowlus, Christopher L., MD (Parallel Session) Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Gilead Sciences, Inc Consulting: Takeda Grant/Research Support: Gilead Sciences, Inc, Intercept Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Lumena Speaking and Teaching: Gilead Sciences, Inc Brenner, David A., MD (AASLD Postgraduate Course, Basic Research Workshop) Nothing to disclose Brosgart, Carol (Parallel Session) Board Membership: Tobira Therapeutics selleck compound library Consulting: Dynavax Stock Shareholder: Alios Biopharma Brown, Robert S., MD, MPH (AASLD/ILTS Transplant Course) Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Vital Therapies Consulting: Genentech, Gilead, Merck, Abbvie, Janssen Grant/Research

Support: Gilead, Merck, Vertex, AbbVie, Salix, Janssen, Vital Therapies Brunt, Elizabeth M., MD (AASLD Postgraduate Course, SIG Program, State-of-the-Art Lecture) Consulting: Synageva Independent MCE公司 Contractor: Rottapharm, Kadmon Speaking and Teaching: Geneva Foundation Bucuvalas, John, MD (Early Morning Workshops) Nothing to disclose Bull, Laura,

PhD (Early Morning Workshops) Nothing to disclose Bzowej, Natalie H., MD, PhD (Early Morning Workshops) Grant/Research Support: Gilead Sciences, Ocera Therapeutics Caldwell, Stephen H., MD (Early Morning Workshops, Meet-the-Professor Luncheon) Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Vital Therapy Consulting: Wellstat diagnostics Grant/Research Support: Genfit, Gilead Sciences Caravan, Peter, PhD (SIG Program) Grant/Research Support: Sanofi Stock Shareholder: Collagen Medical Carey, Elizabeth J., MD (Parallel Session) Nothing to disclose Castera, Laurent, MD, PhD (SIG Program) Advisory Committees or Review Panels: Magnisense Speaking and Teaching: Gilead, BMS, Janssen, Echosens, Abbvie Cathcart, Sherrie H., CAE (AASLD Distinguished Awards) Nothing to disclose Chalasani, Naga P., MD (AASLD Postgraduate Course, Early Morning Workshops) Consulting: Salix, Abbvie, Lilly, Boerhinger-Ingelham, Aegerion Grant/Research Support: Intercept, Lilly, Gilead, Cumberland, Galectin Chandrasekhara, Vinay, MD (AASLD/ASGE Endoscopy Course) Consulting: Boston Scientific Chang, Kyong-Mi, MD (AASLD Postgraduate Course, Early Morning Workshops, Parallel Session, SIG Program) Stock Shareholder: BMS (spouse employment) Chavin, Kenneth D.

Perforations were also reported in the stomach (1 case) and jejunum (1 case). All patients with perforation had tumor within 1 cm of the liver capsule. In the above patient, the neoplasm was close to the capsule but adjacent Y 27632 bowel was

not shown on a CT scan. However, the apparent absence of adjacent bowel does not exclude the possibility of intestinal perforation. Furthermore, the clinical features of perforation can be delayed for at least 2 weeks after radiofrequency ablation. “
“A 79-year-old man presented with sudden onset of lower abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. He had a known lung cancer treated with chemotherapy for 2 years and recent admission for acute cholecystitis complicated by pneumonia and pleural

effusion. A sigmoid colon cancer involving almost half of the bowel circumference was also diagnosed on that previous admission but not treated due Cabozantinib in vivo to his comorbidities at the time. On examination his abdomen was soft with focal tenderness in the lower abdomen. His laboratory tests showed a mild leukocytosis (10,100 /mm3), an elevated C-reactive protein (37.7 mg/L), a low albumin (18 g/L), and moderate liver dysfunction (AST 134 U/L and ALT 149 U/L). These results were not much different from his previous admissions. His creatine kinase level was normal. The patient underwent colonoscopy the day following hospitalization and a large, dome-like, white, translucent edematous colonic mucosa was medchemexpress seen that almost occluded the rectum (Figure 1). At the edge of the dome, a tumor was also observed, which suggested colonic intussusception to the rectum with a sigmoid colon cancer as a lead point. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a sausage-like intussusceptum with a high CT attenuation core (mesenteric vessels) surrounded by tissue of low CT attenuation (mesenteric fat; Figure 2 white arrow). This appeared within the rectum (the intussuscipien), which was edematous and had an intermediate CT attenuation (Figure 2 black arrow). In contrast to children, adult intussusception

is a rare disorder and is usually not idiopathic. Approximately half of all intussusceptum lead points are malignancies. The most frequent type of intussusception is entero-enteric, and the colo-colonic type, as in the present case, only accounts for 6%. Colonic intusscusception, however, is more commonly associated with malignancies than enteric intussusception (63 vs. 20%). Due to a high rate of tumors or malignancies, adult intusscusception should be treated by surgery. The present case was not managed surgically because of the patient’s poor functional status. As there was no ischemic color change of the colonic mucosa to suggest ischemia or infarction on colonoscopy, reduction was attempted using water-soluble contrast medium enema. This successfully reduced the intussusception and thereafter the abdominal pain and rectal bleeding resolved.

pylori gene expression are yet to be identified. We thank all members of the laboratory for cooperation, encouragement and helpful discussions

during the study and Kalidas Paul for suggestions and excellent technical support. Raghwan is grateful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for a research fellowship. The work was supported by research grants from CSIR-IICB. The authors have no competing interests. Table S1 Primers used in this study. Table S2 Adherence of H. pylori strains to cell BGB324 research buy lines. Figure S1 Effect of dpp treatment on amiE and pfr expression in H. pylori. Figure S2 Morphological changes in AGS cells following H. pylori adherence. “
“Background:  Triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, moxifloxacin, and amoxicillin has been proven effective in first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aim:  To explore 1, the value of triple therapy with esomeprazole, moxifloxacin, and amoxicillin in second-line or rescue treatment

of Caucasian patients and 2, the impact of treatment duration selleck on eradication success. Methods: H. pylori-infected patients with at least one previous treatment failure were randomized to oral esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., moxifloxacin 400 mg o.d., and amoxicillin 1000 mg b.i.d. for either 7 (EMA-7) or 14 days (EMA-14). Eradication was confirmed by 13C urea breath test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed in all patients at baseline and in patients who failed treatment. Results:  Eighty patients were randomized, and 60% had ≥2 previous treatment failures. Pretreatment resistance against clarithromycin and metronidazole was found in 70.5 and 61.5% of cases, respectively. The intention-to-treat eradication rate was significantly higher after EMA-14 compared with EMA-7 (95.0 vs 78.9%, p = .036). No independent risk factor for treatment failure could be identified. There were

no serious adverse events. Five of the EMA-14 patients (12.5%) compared with none of the EMA-7 patients discontinued prematurely because of adverse events (p = .031). Post-treatment resistance against moxifloxacin was found in one of seven patients with isolated organisms (14.3%). Conclusion:  Second-line/rescue H. pylori eradication therapy with esomeprazole, moxifloxacin, and MCE amoxicillin is very effective and well tolerated. Fourteen days of treatment significantly increase the eradication rate but also the rate of adverse events. “
“Objective:  The effect of Helicobacter pylori on Barrett’s esophagus is poorly understood. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the existing literature examining the effect that H. pylori has on Barrett’s esophagus. Design:  We performed a comprehensive search to identify studies pertaining to the association between H. pylori and Barrett’s esophagus. We conducted meta-regression analyses to identify sources of variation in the effect of H. pylori on Barrett’s esophagus.