\n\nResults: The microRNA signature of human fetal pancreatic

samples Nepicastat concentration 10-22 weeks of gestational age (wga), was obtained by PCR-based high throughput screening with Taqman Low Density Arrays. This method led to identification of 212 microRNAs. The microRNAs were classified in 3 groups: Group number I contains 4 microRNAs with the increasing profile; II, 35 microRNAs with decreasing profile and III with 173 microRNAs, which remain unchanged. We calculated Pearson correlations between the expression profile of microRNAs and target mRNAs, predicted by TargetScan 5.1 and miRBase altgorithms, using genome-wide mRNA expression data. Group I correlated with the decreasing expression of 142 target mRNAs and Group II with the increasing expression of 876 target mRNAs. Most microRNAs correlate with Luminespib in vitro multiple targets, just as mRNAs are targeted by multiple microRNAs. Among the identified targets are the genes and transcription factors known to play an essential role in pancreatic development.\n\nConclusions: We have determined specific groups

of microRNAs in human fetal pancreas that change the degree of their expression throughout the development. A negative correlative analysis suggests an intertwined network of microRNAs and mRNAs collaborating with each other. This study provides information leading to potential two-way level of combinatorial control regulating gene expression through microRNAs targeting multiple mRNAs and, conversely, target mRNAs regulated in parallel by other microRNAs as well. This study may further the understanding of gene expression regulation in the human developing pancreas.”
“Sodium balance across a hemodialysis treatment influences interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), pre-dialysis blood pressure, and

the occurrence of intradialytic hypotension, which associate with patient morbidity and mortality. In thrice weekly conventional hemodialysis patients, the dialysate sodium minus pre-dialysis plasma sodium concentration (DPNa+) and the post-dialysis minus pre-dialysis plasma sodium (PNa+) are surrogates of sodium balance, and are associated with both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. However, whether DPNa+ or PNa+ better RSL3 predicts clinical outcomes in quotidian dialysis is unknown. We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical and demographic data from the Southwestern Ontario Regional Home Hemodialysis program, of all patients since 1985. In frequent nocturnal hemodialysis, PNa+ was superior to DPNa+ in predicting IDWG (R-2=0.223 vs. 0.020, P=0.002 vs. 0.76), intradialytic change in systolic (R-2=0.100 vs. 0.002, P=0.02 vs. 0.16) and diastolic (R-2=0.066 vs. 0.019, P=0.02 vs. 0.06) blood pressure, and ultrafiltration rate (R-2=0.296 vs. 0.036, P=0.001 vs. 0.52).

To generate reproducible and comparable data, the cells were cultivated in a bioreactor under steady-state Pexidartinib research buy conditions. Global microRNA expression analysis showed that mature

microRNAs were predominantly upregulated in the producing cell lines compared to the non-producer. Several microRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between high and low producers, but none of them commonly for both model proteins. The identification of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is essential to understand the biological function of microRNAs. Therefore, we negatively correlated microRNA and global mRNA expression data and combined them with computationally predicted and experimentally validated targets. However, statistical analysis of the identified microRNA-mRNA interactions indicated a considerable false positive rate. Our results and the comparison to published data suggest that the reaction of CHO cells to the heterologous

protein expression is strongly product- and/or clone-specific. In addition, this study highlights the urgent need for reliable CHO-specific microRNA target prediction tools and experimentally validated target databases in order to facilitate functional analysis of high-throughput microRNA expression data in CHO cells.”
“Background and purpose: Angiotensin PXD101 research buy II is a vaso-constrictive peptide that regulates blood pressure homeostasis. Even though the inflammatory effects of AngII in renal pathophysiology have been studied, there still exists a paucity of data with regard to the mechanism

of action of AngII-mediated kidney injury. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanistic BMN 673 concentration role of HMGB1-TLR4 signaling in AngII-induced inflammation in the kidney. Experimental approach: Rat tubular epithelial cells (NRK52E) were treated with AngII over a preset time-course. In another set of experiments, HMGB1 was neutralized and TLR4 was knocked down using small interfering RNA targeting TLR4. Cell extracts were subjected to RT-PCR, immunoblotting, flow cytometty, and ELISA. Key results: AngII-induced inflammation in NRK52E cells increased gene and protein expression of TLR4, HMGB1 and key proinflammatory cytokines (TNF alpha and IL1 beta). Pretreatment with Losartan (an ATI receptor blocker) attenuated the AngII-induced expression of TLR4 and inflammatory cytokines. TLR4 silencing was used to elucidate the specific role played by TLR4 in AngII-induced inflammation. TLR4siRNA treatment in these cells significantly decreased the AngII-induced inflammatory effect Consistent observations were made when the AngII treated cells were pretreated with anti-HMGB1. Downstream activation of NF kappa B and rate of generation of ROS was also decreased on gene silencing of TLR4 and exposure to anti-HMGB1.

(C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Inner hair cells (IHCs) of the cochlea use ribbon synapses to transmit auditory information faithfully to spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). In the present study, we used genetic disruption of the presynaptic scaffold protein bassoon in mice to manipulate the morphology and function of the IHC synapse. Although partial-deletion mutants lacking functional bassoon

(Bsn(Delta Ex4/5) ) had a near-complete loss of ribbons from the synapses (up to 88% ribbonless synapses), find more gene-trap mutants (Bsn(gt)) showed weak residual expression of bassoon and 56% ribbonless synapses, whereas the remaining 44% had a loosely anchored ribbon. Patch-clamp recordings and synaptic Ca(V)1.3 Salubrinal purchase immunolabeling indicated a larger number of Ca2+ channels for Bsngt IHCs compared with Bsn(Delta Ex4/5) IHCs and for Bsn(gt) ribbon-occupied versus Bsn(gt) ribbonless synapses. An intermediate phenotype of Bsngt IHCs was also found by membrane capacitance measurements for sustained exocytosis, but not for the size of the readily releasable vesicle pool. The frequency and amplitude of EPSCs were reduced in Bsn(Delta Ex4/5) mouse SGNs, whereas their postsynaptic AMPA receptor clusters were largely unaltered. Sound coding in SGN, assessed by recordings of single auditory nerve fibers and their population responses in vivo, was similarly

affected in Bsn(gt) and Bsn(Delta Ex4/5) mice. Both genotypes showed impaired sound onset coding and reduced evoked and spontaneous spike rates. In summary, reduced bassoon expression or complete lack of full-length bassoon impaired sound encoding to a similar extent, which is consistent with the comparable reduction of the readily releasable vesicle pool. This suggests that the remaining loosely anchored ribbons in Bsngt IHCs were functionally inadequate or that ribbon independent mechanisms dominated the coding deficit.”
“Background. There is controversy in the literature

about whether robotic total thyroidectomy should be performed through unilateral or bilateral axillary incisions. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed critical analysis of the single-incision technique with a focus on postoperative pain, morbidity, and oncologic outcomes.\n\nMethods. Between June 2009 and May 2012, 30 patients underwent GSK2879552 manufacturer robotic neck surgery through a single axillary incision. The perioperative outcomes of 16 patients who underwent robotic total thyroidectomy were compared with 30 consecutive patients undergoing conventional total thyroidectomy. Data were collected from a prospectively maintained, institutional review board-approved database. All data are presented as mean values +/- standard error of the mean.\n\nResults. Both groups were similar regarding age, gender, body mass index, tumor size, and tumor type. For all patients, skin-to-skin operative time (OT) was less in the conventional group (139 +/- 8 vs 183 +/- 11 minutes, respectively; P = .002).

Across decreasing tertiles of colony-forming units,

there was a progressive increase in median coronary artery calcification and abdominal aortic calcification PX-478 clinical trial scores. In multivariable analyses adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, each 1-SD increase in colony-forming units was associated with a approximate to 16% decrease in coronary artery calcification (P=0.02) and 17% decrease in abdominal aortic calcification (P=0.03). In contrast, neither CD34(+) /KDR(+) nor CD34(+) variation was associated with significant differences in coronary or aortic calcification.\n\nConclusions-In this large, community-based sample of men and women, lower colony-forming unit number was associated with a higher burden

of subclinical atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries and aorta. Decreased angiogenic potential could contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in humans. (Circulation. 2010;122:1176-1182.)”
“The proportion of group D streptococcal infective endocarditis (IE) (predominantly due to Streptococcus gallolyticus) and the incidence of colorectal cancer are higher in France than in most European countries. We assumed that this could be explained by a high group D streptococci (GDS) fecal carriage rate. The aims of this study were to re-assess the GDS fecal carriage rate in France and its relationship with colorectal this website cancer. Consecutive adult subjects who were to undergo a complete colonoscopy were invited to participate. GDS were searched in subjects’ stools before their colonoscopy using biomolecular find more techniques. Colonoscopic findings were sorted into four subgroups: normal colonoscopy, non-tumoral lesions, benign tumors, and premalignant/malignant tumors. GDS fecal carriages were calculated overall and in each subgroup and compared. The data from 259 subjects were analyzed. GDS were identified in the feces of 12 subjects, with the following distribution: S. lutetiensis (n =

9), S. pasteurianus (n = 2), and S. gallolyticus (n = 1). This accounted for an overall GDS fecal carriage rate of 4.6 %. The GDS fecal carriage rate was 6 % in case of normal colonoscopy, 1.3 % in case of non-tumoral lesions, 3.2 % in case of benign tumors, and 11 % in case of premalignant/malignant tumors. These four percentages were not statistically different. The GDS fecal carriage rate was lower than expected, which did not confirm our working hypothesis. Most strains belonged to S. bovis biotype II, while S. gallolyticus was found only once. These findings suggest that different GDS play different roles in the etiopathogenesis of IE and colorectal cancer.”
“Background: Spacer grafts in the eyelid are used in both reconstructive and aesthetic procedures. The authors report their experience using a new acellular porcine dermal graft (Enduragen) in 129 eyelids.

Vibrations

induced cyclical, low-amplitude stepping-in-place movements that mimicked alternate walking movements with both legs, with 1 s and 2 s cycle durations, in one nondisabled participant and one participant with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale B spinal cord injury standing, relaxed, with body-weight support. Electromechanical vibrators can deliver www.selleckchem.com/products/ipi-145-ink1197.html complex cyclical vibrations and trigger gait-like lower-limb movements. These results warrant the application of these vibration patterns on individuals with sensorimotor impairments to test their potential in gait rehabilitation.”
“Biophysical studies of the interaction of peptides with model membranes provide a simple yet effective approach to understand the transport of peptides and peptide based drug carriers across the cell membrane. Herein, the authors discuss the use of self-assembled monolayers fabricated from the full membrane-spanning thiol (FMST) 3-((14-((40-((5-methyl-1-phenyl-35-(phytanyl) oxy6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,37- Batimastat inhibitor undecaoxa-2,3-dithiahenpentacontan-51-yl) oxy)-[1,10-biphenyl]-4yl) oxy) tetradecyl) oxy)-2-(phytanyl) oxy glycerol for ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) based experiments. UHV-based methods such as electron spectroscopy and

mass spectrometry can provide important information about how peptides bind and interact with membranes, especially with the hydrophobic core of a lipid bilayer. Near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectra and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data showed that FMST forms UHV-stable and ordered films on gold. XPS and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiles indicated that a proline-rich amphipathic cell-penetrating peptide, known as sweet arrow peptide is located at the outer perimeter of the model membrane. (C) 2015 American Vacuum Society.”
“Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common malignant Autophagy Compound Library tumor of the liver. We analyzed, immunohistochemically, the significance of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related markers in 128 cholangiocarcinomas (42 intrahepatic, 70 extrahepatic, and 16 gallbladder carcinomas) combined

in a tissue microarray. Follow-up was available for 57 patients (44.5%).\n\nIn comparison with normal tissue (29 specimens), cholangiocarcinomas expressed significantly more frequently p53, bcl-2, bax, and COX-2 (P < .05). Intrahepatic tumors were significantly more frequently bcl-2+ and p16+, whereas extrahepatic tumors were more often p53+ (P < .05). Loss of p16 expression was associated with reduced survival of patients.\n\nOur data show that p53, bcl-2, bax, and COX-2 have an important role in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinomas. The differential expression of p16, bcl-2, and p53 between intrahepatic and extrahepatic tumors demonstrates that there are location-related differences in the phenotype and the genetic profiles of these tumors. Moreover, p16 was identified as an important prognostic marker in cholangiocarcinomas.

“
“Objective The aim of this article is to evaluate the accuracy, precision, and safety of transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (TcPCO2) monitoring at different electrode temperatures in preterm infants in the early postnatal period. Study Design A total of 26 neonates with a median birth weight of 974 g (432-1,694 g) and gestational age of 28.0 weeks (26.1-31.3 weeks) were studied in the first 5 days of life. A total of 252 simultaneous pairs (TcPCO2 and arterial carbon dioxide tension [PaCO2]) were analyzed at 38, 39, and 40 degrees C at 26 and 27 weeks, and at 38, 39, 40, and 42 degrees C at 28 to 31 weeks. Results The mean difference

of TcPCO2 and PaCO2 (bias) increased from 3.93 mm Hg at 42 degrees C to 5.64 mm Hg at 40 degrees C, 6.58 mm Hg at 39 degrees C, and

6.07 mm Hg at 38 degrees C. Standard deviation (SD) of the bias increased from 4.17 MK-2206 cell line mm Hg at 42 degrees C to 4.76 mm Hg at 40 degrees C, 5.29 mm Hg at 39 degrees C, and 5.07 mm Hg at 38 degrees C. Adverse skin lesions selleckchem were not observed. Conclusion TcPCO2 measurements are the most accurate and precise at an electrode temperature of 42 degrees C. However, in premature babies, monitoring at 38, 39, and 40 degrees C is possible provided a bias correction of 6 mm Hg and SD of 5 mm Hg are applied.”
“AimTo determine the cost effectiveness of increasing nurse staffing or changing the nursing skill mix in adult medical and/or surgical patients? BackgroundResearch has demonstrated that nurse staffing levels and skill mix are associated with patient outcomes in acute care settings. If increased nurse staffing levels or richer skill mix can be shown to be cost-effective hospitals may be more likely to consider these aspects when making staffing decisions. DesignA systematic review of the literature

on economic evaluations of nurse staffing and patient outcomes was conducted to see KPT-8602 solubility dmso whether there is consensus that increasing nursing hours/skill mix is a cost-effective way of improving patient outcomes. We used the Cochrane Collaboration systematic review method incorporating economic evidence. Data sourcesThe MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and PsychINFO databases were searched in 2013 for published and unpublished studies in English with no date limits. Review methodsThe review focused on full economic evaluations where costs of increasing nursing hours or changing the skill mix were included and where consequences included nursing sensitive outcomes. ResultsFour-cost benefit and five-cost effectiveness analyses were identified. There were no cost-minimization or cost-utility studies identified in the review. A variety of methods to conceptualize and measure costs and consequences were used across the studies making it difficult to compare results.

0 diopters (D) to 30.0 D. The AFM analysis was performed in contact mode using a V-shaped silicon nitride cantilever with a pyramidal tip curvature of 15 nm and a nominal spring constant of 0.2 N/m. Detailed surface characterization of the IOL optic was obtained using 6 quantitative parameters provided by the AFM software.\n\nRESULTS: Five of 6 roughness parameters indicated statistically significant differences (P<.05) between IOLs with different dioptric powers, with the 100 D IOL

in both models providing the smoothest optic surface. Between models Momelotinib research buy with the same dioptric power, the SN60AT model had lower values of each surface roughness parameter than the SA30AL model.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Atomic force microscopy was an accurate tool for assessing the surface properties of IOL optics. Manufacturing processes were responsible Entinostat mw for introducing detectable differences in the topography of IOL biomaterials with identical copolymer constituents but different dioptric powers Nanometric analysis may assist IOL manufacturers in developing IOLs with optimal surface characteristics. Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.\n\nJ Cataract Refract Surg 2010; 36.1573-1578 (C) 2010 ASCRS and ESCRS”
“Objective: To investigate whether there is a relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM)

in infants and children. Possible risk factors are also explored.\n\nMaterial and methods: 221 consecutive children who had symptoms and signs associated with GERD and had undergone a prolonged ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH-monitoring. Thirty-four children were excluded from the study due to age, neurological deficits, congenital abnormalities, immunodeficiency syndromes

or other chronic systemic disorders. The remaining 187 children (96 boys and 91 girls), aged between 40 days and 33 months (mean age of 18.3 months) were assigned into three groups according NU7441 manufacturer to their Reflux Index (RI%). Group A: 49 children (26.2%) without GERD (control group); Group B: 78 children (41.7%) with low to moderate RI; and Group C: 60 children (32.1%) with severe GERD. Parental interviews and personal medical files of the National Health System were used for data collection. However, episodes of acute otitis media were taken into account only if they were diagnosed by a physician. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 8 years in order to cover the peaks of otitis media incidence in childhood.\n\nResults: The results revealed that 6 children from Group A (12.24%), 11 from Group B (14.1%) and 19 from Group C (31.67%) presented episodes of RAOM. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Furthermore, in children who received anti-reflux treatment, the incidence of RAOM substantially decreased and eventually became approximate to that of the control Group A (12.32%).

Many equine behavior and welfare scientists remain in agreement that management of crib-biting horses should focus on addressing the suspected influential factors prior to attempts at physical prevention of the behavior. The findings of several survey and experimental selleck chemicals studies

are reviewed, with emphasis on research conducted since the late 1990s, in an effort to provide the reader with a relatively comprehensive look into that which is known about crib-biting behavior in horses. Knowledge deficiencies and areas for future research are identified. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“An 86-year-old woman was found dead lying on her back on the floor of an unkempt kitchen. She had last been seen four days before. Her dress was pulled up and she was not wearing underpants. The house was noted to be in “disarray” with papers covering most surfaces and the floor. Rubbish was piled up against one of the doors. At autopsy the major findings were of a fractured left neck of femur, fresh pressure areas over her right buttock, Wischnewski spots of the stomach and foci of pancreatic necrosis, in keeping with hypothermia. No significant underlying organic diseases were identified and there was no other evidence of trauma. Death was due to hypothermia complicating

immobility from a fractured neck of femur. This case confirms the vulnerability of frail, elderly and socially-isolated individuals to death from hypothermia if a significant illness or injury occurs. Additional risk factors for hypothermia selleck compound are also illustrated in this case that involve inadequate housing construction with absent insulation and window double glazing. The approach to hypothermic deaths should, therefore, include checking for these features as well as measuring room and environmental temperatures, evaluating the type and quality of heating and the nature of the floor and its coverings, Given the ageing population in many Western countries, increasing social isolation of

the elderly, cost of fuel and electricity, and lack of energy efficient housing, this type of death may become an increasingly witnessed occurrence during the colder months of the BEZ235 in vitro year. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.”
“Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an autoimmune blistering disease associated with neoplasms, typically lymphoproliferative disorders. PNP is characterized clinically by painful erosive stomatitis and polymorphous skin lesions. Histopathological findings are also very varied, and include lichen planus-like and pemphigus-like changes. These polymorphic clinicopathological findings are probably due to the complex pathogenic mechanism, in which both cellular and humoral immunity are implicated. Eosinophilic spongiosis, although infrequent, can be found with pemphigus herpetiformis and bullous pemphigoid, although this association has not been established in PNP.

\n\nResults from this study need to be replicated in an appropriate animal model

Entinostat mouse before testing this adenoviral vector in a human trial.\n\nEffective targeting of gene therapy to leiomyoma cells enhances its potential as a non-invasive treatment of uterine fibroids.\n\nThis work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health [R01 HD046228]. None of the authors has any conflict of interest to declare.”
“The present study reports the characterization of forced degradation products of bosentan and a validated stability-indicating HPLC method for the stability testing of bosentan tablets. The

forced degradation was carried out under the conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, dry heat and photolysis. The drug was found unstable in acid, alkali and oxidative media whereas stable to the hydrolysis in water, to dry heat and to photolysis. In total, six degradation products were formed in all conditions which were resolved TPCA-1 datasheet in a single run on a C-18 column with gradient elution using ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.5, 5.0 mM), methanol and acetonitrile. Structures of all the degradation products were characterized through +ESI-MSn and LC-ESI-MS spectral data of bosentan as well as LC-ESI-MS spectral data of the products. The products II-VI were characterized as 6-amino-[2,2']bipyrimidinyl-4,5-diol, 6-amino-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-[2,2']-bipyrimidinyl-4-ol, BTSA1 inhibitor 2-[6-amino-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-[2,2']-bipyrimidinyl-4-yloxyl-ethanol, 4-tert-butyl-N-[6-(1-methoxyethoxy)-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-[2,2']-bipyrimidinyl-4-yl]-benzenesulfonamide and 4-tert-butyl-N-[6-hydroxy-5-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-[2,2']bipyrimidinyl-4-yl]-benzenesulfonamide,

respectively. The peak of the product I was found to be due to two secondary degradation products which co-eluted and were characterized as beta-hydroxyethyl p-tert-butylphenylsulfonate (Ia) and 2[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenoxy]-ethanol (Ib). These products were formed due to hydrolysis of sulfonamide and alkylaryl ether and the diaryl ether linkages as well as dehydration of the primary alcohol group. The most probable degradation mechanisms were proposed. The HPLC method was found to be stability-indicating, linear (2-100 mu g ml(-1)), accurate, precise, sensitive, specific, rugged and robust for quantitation of the drug. The method was applied to the stability testing of the commercially available bosentan tablets successfully. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Aim To determine whether expression of a cyanobacterial flavodoxin in soil bacteria of agronomic interest confers protection against the widely used herbicides paraquat and atrazine.

Our results provide the first evidence of a reverberating input-output buffer system in the dorsal

stream underlying speech sensorimotor integration, consistent with recent phonological loop, competitive queuing, and speech-motor control models. These findings also shed new light on potential sources of speech dysfunction in aphasia and neuropsychiatric disorders, identifying anatomically and behaviorally dissociable activation time windows critical for successful speech reproduction.”
“A two-year-old male German shepherd dog was admitted to Shahid Bahonar Veterinary Hospital with clinical signs that included lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain and dehydration. Physical examination revealed nothing significant. Routine paraclinical tests only revealed a stress leukogram. Radiography revealed a mass in the stomach. Whilst performing a laparotomy, the surgeon observed an unusual mass Selleckchem Ulixertinib in the subserosal layer of the proximal part of the jejunum. The histopathology of the mass revealed some scattered sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the cyst wall that confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid cyst. Intestinal dermoid cysts are very rare and to our knowledge this is the first report of an intestinal dermoid cyst in a dog.”
“Background Computer- and selleckchem robot-assisted technologies are capable of improving the accuracy of planar cutting in orthopaedic surgery.

This study is a first step toward formulating and validating NSC23766 chemical structure a new evaluation methodology for planar bone cutting, based on the standards from the international Organization for Standardization.\n\nMethods our

experimental test bed consisted of a purely geometrical model of the cutting process around a simulated bone. Cuts were performed at three levels of surgical assistance: unassisted, computer-assisted and robot-assisted. We measured three parameters of the standard ISO1101 : 2004: flatness, parallelism and location of the cut plane.\n\nResults The location was the most relevant parameter for assessing cutting errors, The three levels of assistance were easily distinguished using the location parameter.\n\nConclusions Our ISO methodology employs the location to obtain all information about translational and rotational cutting errors. Location may be used on any osseous structure to compare the performance of existing assistance technologies. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“Importance: More than 90% of thermal injury-related deaths occur in low-resource settings. While baseline assessment of burn management capabilities is necessary to guide capacity building strategies, limited data exist from low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective: The objective of our review is to assess burn management capacity in LMICs. Evidence review: A PubMed literature review was performed based on studies assessing baseline surgical capacity in individual LMICs.