We observed significant inhibition

We observed significant inhibition BYL719 manufacturer of P. aeruginosa growth in bacterial cultures continued over 96 hours in the presence of gold-functionalized nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au). At the 48-hour time point, growth

of P. aeruginosa, as assessed by the number of colonies grown from treated samples, showed the highest inhibition (decreased by 40%). These data provide strong evidence that Fe3O4@Au can dramatically reduce growth of P. aeruginosa and provide a platform for further study of the antibacterial activity of this nanomaterial.”
“Background: The Drosophila melanogaster junctional neoplastic tumor suppressor, Lethal-2-giant larvae (Lgl), is a regulator of apicobasal cell polarity and tissue growth. We have previously shown in the developing Drosophila eye epithelium that, without affecting cell polarity, depletion of Lgl results in ectopic cell proliferation and blockage of developmental cell death due to deregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Results: Here, we show that Notch signaling is increased in lgl-depleted eye tissue, independently

of Lgl’s function in apicobasal cell polarity. The upregulation of Notch signaling is ligand dependent and correlates with accumulation of cleaved Crenolanib cost Notch. Concomitant with higher cleaved Notch levels in lgl(-) tissue, early endosomes (Avalanche [Avl(+)), recycling endosomes (Rab11(+)), early multivesicular bodies (Hrs(+)), and acidified vesicles, but not late endosomal markers (Car(+) and Rab7(+)), accumulate. Colocalization studies MI-503 purchase revealed that Lgl associates with early to late endosomes and lysosomes. Upregulation of Notch signaling in lgl(-) tissue requires dynamin- and Rab5-mediated endocytosis and vesicle acidification but is independent of Hrs/Stam or Rab11 activity.

Furthermore, Lgl regulates Notch signaling independently of the aPKC-Par6-Baz apical polarity complex. Conclusions: Altogether, our data show that Lgl regulates endocytosis to restrict vesicle acidification and prevent ectopic ligand-dependent Notch signaling. This Lgl function is independent of the aPKC-Par6-Baz polarity complex and uncovers a novel attenuation mechanism of ligand-activated Notch signaling during Drosophila eye development.”
“In many cancers, including neuroblastoma, microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling of peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) may increase understanding of the metastatic process and lead to the identification of clinically informative biomarkers. The quality of miRNAs in PB and BM samples archived in PAXgene (TM) blood RNA tubes from large-scale clinical studies and the identity of reference miRNAs for standard reporting of data are to date unknown. In this study, we evaluated the reliability of expression profiling of 377 miRNAs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in PB and BM samples (n = 90) stored at -80 degrees C for up to 5 years in PAXgene (TM) blood RNA tubes.

2 angstrom resolution structures Analyses as a function of the p

2 angstrom resolution structures. Analyses as a function of the phi,psi-backbone dihedral angles show that the expected value deviates by +/- 8 degrees from planar as a systematic function of conformation, but that the large majority of variation in planarity depends on tertiary effects. Furthermore, we show that those peptide bonds in proteins that are most nonplanar, deviating by over 20 from

planarity, are not strongly associated with active sites. Instead, highly nonplanar peptides are simply integral components of protein structure related to local and tertiary structural features that tend to be conserved among homologs. To account for the systematic phi,psi-dependent component of nonplanarity, we present a LY2157299 conformation-dependent library that can be used in crystallographic refinement and predictive protein modeling.”
“The purpose of the study was to assess whether postoperative changes in the tumour bed after intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) with low-energy X-rays complicate the mammographic evaluation. 54 patients receiving breast-conserving surgery and IORT were compared to a control group of 48 patients with conventional breast-conserving treatment.

All patients were included in routine follow-ups (>= 3 years) with mammography accompanied by ultrasound. By retrospective consensus reading the mammographic changes in the tumour bed were classified as absent, low or distinct. Using the same grading it was classified whether mammographic evaluation was complicated due to MAPK inhibitor postoperative changes. Focusing the yearly follow-ups within a period of four years, distinct changes were found significantly more often after IORT (52-62% vs. 7-30%).

After IORT the evaluation was significantly more often distinctly complicated in each follow-up, except for year 1 (16-21% vs. 0-8%). In the IORT group the distribution of findings was nearly stable over time. In the control group it changed over time and a distinctly complicated evaluation was no longer seen in the follow-ups of years learn more 3 and 4. Overall, further non-routine diagnostic procedures due to unclear findings in the tumour bed became necessary in 7% (IORT) vs. 8% (control group) of the patients (p = 0.86). Evaluation of mammograms is complicated after IORT. In contrast to conventionally treated patients postoperative changes and difficulties of evaluation do not decrease over time. Overall, after IORT the diagnostic uncertainty does not seem to be increased in ultrasound supported mammographic follow-ups. The topic needs further evaluation with larger study samples. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Late-onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a significant problem with a standard 3-month prophylaxis regimen.

e , Sox9, Collagen II) Global gene expression of the so-cultivat

e., Sox9, Collagen II). Global gene expression of the so-cultivated chondrocytes and MSCs was assessed by a novel approach of microarray-based pathway analysis. Refinement of data was done by hypothesis-driven gene expression omnibus (GEO) dataset comparison. Validation was performed with separate samples in transforming growth factor (TGF)beta+ or TGF beta- conditions by use of quantitative real-time RT-PCR.\n\nResults/conclusions: Chondrogenic commitment

of both cell types was observed. Interestingly, chondrocytes demonstrated an upregulated fatty acid/cholesterol metabolism which may give Selleck LY3039478 hints for future optimization of culture conditions. The novel microarray-based pathway analysis applied in this study seems suitable for the evaluation of whole-genome based array datasets in case when hypotheses can be backed with already existing GEO datasets. Future experiments should further explore the different metabolic behaviour of chondrocytes and MSC. (C) 2010 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: We report our experience at The Ottawa Hospital with outpatient laparoscopic adrenalectomy.\n\nMethods: We report a single surgeon experience. this website Seventeen consecutive outpatient laparoscopic adrenalectomy were performed between 1994 and 2006. Specific selection criteria were applied. Postoperatively patients were monitored

and assessed before discharge. Full discharge instructions were provided. A prescription for analgesic was given. A call back system was put in place. The first postoperative office visit GKT137831 cost was scheduled within 7 days of surgery.\n\nResults: Twelve of 17 patients were females. The mean age was 52.4 years. Our average operating room time was 130 minutes with no conversions. The average stay was about 5.5 hours. Three patients had a 23-hour stay. One admitted with atelectasis. Tumor size ranged from I to

5.8 cm. There were no reoperations, late admissions up to 30 days, and no deaths. One patient required admission. Thirteen of 17 patients were contacted by phone after discharge. At our hospital we found a cost saving of CS1478 is made per case.\n\nConclusions: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy can be safely performed as an outpatient procedure. Strict selection criteria should be applied. Call back systems should be instituted. There is a cost benefit associated with this outpatient procedure.”
“As a basis for the collection of occurrence and exposure data of ergot alkaloids in food, an HPLC method coupled with fluorimetric detection (HPLC-FLD) for the determination of 12 pharmacologically active ergot alkaloids in rye and rye products was developed. Samples were extracted with a Mixture of ethyl acetate.. methanol, and aqueous ammonia, followed by centrifugation and purification by solid phase filtration (SPF) with basic alumina.

The present study investigated extracts of

Salvia miltior

The present study investigated extracts of

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza), www.selleckchem.com/products/YM155.html traditionally used in Asian countries to treat a variety of conditions, as a dietary supplement or as an ingredient in functional foods. Dried S. miltiorrhiza root was extracted with various solvents and under varying extraction conditions, and the effects of the extracts on the viability of five human cancer cell lines were compared. Extracts obtained using 100% ethanol and 100% acetone as solvents exhibited more potent effects compared with extracts obtained using 70 and 30% aqueous ethanol. Furthermore, the active components of S. miltiorrhiza ethanol extracts, known as tanshinones, were investigated. Dihydrotanshinone I was observed to exhibit a higher cytotoxic

potential compared with the other tanshinones in the majority of the examined cell lines. Conversely, cryptotanshinone exhibited weak anti-cancer activity. In summary, the results of the present study suggest that the active components obtained from an ethanol extract of S. miltiorrhiza possess the potential to be used as ingredients in functional and health care foods that may be used to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.”
“The orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERR gamma) is highly expressed in the nervous system during embryogenesis and in adult brains, but its physiological role in neuronal development remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the relevance of ERR gamma in regulating dopaminergic (DAergic) phenotype

beta-catenin inhibitor and the corresponding signaling pathway. We used retinoic acid (RA) Selleck A-1155463 to differentiate human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. RA induced neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y cells with an increase in DAergic neuron-like properties, including up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, and vesicular monoamine transporter 2. ERR gamma, but not ERR alpha, was up-regulated by RA, and participated in RA effect on SH-SY5Y cells. ERR gamma over-expression enhanced mature DAergic neuronal phenotype with neurite outgrowth as with RA treatment; and RA-induced increase in DAergic phenotype was attenuated by silencing ERR gamma expression. ERR gamma appears to have a crucial role in morphological and functional regulation of cells that is selective for DAergic neurons. Polo-like kinase 2 was up-regulated in ERR gamma-over-expressing SH-SY5Y cells, which was involved in phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta and resulting downstream activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells. The likely involvement of ERR gamma in regulating the DAergic neuronal phenotype makes this orphan nuclear receptor a novel target for understanding DAergic neuronal differentiation.”
“Oxalic acid has been shown as a virulence factor for some phytopathogenic fungi, removing calcium from pectin and favoring plant cell wall degradation.

ATIII, functional and antigenic proteins C and S plasminogen, To

ATIII, functional and antigenic proteins C and S. plasminogen, Total protein, fibronectin, Factor XIII, RiCoF and von Willebrand factor multimers in the starting plasma, the cryoprecipitate and the CSP produced from the plasma in each of the blood groups.\n\nResults: While only 4% of the plasma proteins cryoprecipitate, there is considerable enrichment of Factor VIII, von Willebrand factor and RiCoF. However, cryoprecipitate contains only 27% of

the plasma fibrinogen and has low levels Cell Cycle inhibitor of Factor V. protein S. protein C, ATIII and plasminogen. Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor are much reduced in the cryosupernatant plasma (0.20 U/ml and 0.16 U/ml) and there is virtually no ristocetin cofactor activity. This is consistent with the absence of the higher molecular weight multimers of VWF found in CSP. The ADAMTS-13 levels are LY2090314 the same as in plasma. All levels vary between blood groups.\n\nConclusions: While cryoprecipitate is relatively enriched in certain factors, the

process does not result in concentration of other coagulation factors so cryoprecipitate cannot be used for the replacement of protein C, protein S or Factor V. SCP is deficient in RiCoF. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd.”
“Objectives: To compare 8% or 5% sevoflurane and propofol induction according to the ease of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) placement and hemodynamic effects in elderly patients.\n\nMethods: Ninety unpremedicated American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-III male patients >65 years, undergoing day case urological surgical intervention under general anesthesia at the Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey between October 2008 to May 2009 were studied. The patients were group into 3 and were administered intravenous (intravenous) 5 mu g/kg alfentanil before induction. Patients in group propofol (P) (n=29), anesthesia was induced 1.5 mg/kg propofol intravenous; in Group

8 (n=28) and Group 5 (n=28) anesthesia was induced with 8% and 5% sevoflurane in 60% nitrous oxide, and 40% oxygen with tidal-volume-breath selective HDAC inhibitors (TVB).\n\nResults: Induction times were as follows: in Group P = 54.76 +/- 12.29 sec; Group 8 = 69.93 +/- 18.76 sec, and in Group 5 = 92.14 +/- 27.68 sec (p<0.01). Apnea duration was longer in Group P (6.55 +/- 4.07 min.) than in group 8 (1.73 +/- 2.49 min), and group 5 (1.12 +/- 1.12 min) (p<0.01). The decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) before alfentanil (control) and after induction was significantly different between the groups.\n\nConclusion: In elderly patients who will be administered day case anesthesia, in the placement of LMA, 5 mu g/kg alfentanil followed by 5% sevoflurane induction by TVB method with minimal hemodynamic changes could be an alternative to propofol induction.”
“Objective: To determine the interaction between histological chorioamnionitis and unexplained neonatal cerebral palsy among low birth weight infants.

Analytical results on the reduction principle have always require

Analytical results on the reduction principle have always required some set of constraints for tractability: limitations to one or two selected loci, two alleles per locus, specific selection regimes or weak selection, specific genetic processes being modified, buy Pexidartinib extreme or infinitesimal effects of the modifier allele, or tight linkage between modifier and selected loci. Here, I prove the reduction principle in the absence of any of these constraints, confirming a twenty-year-old conjecture. The proof is obtained by a wider application of Karlin’s Theorem 5.2 (Karlin in Evolutionary biology, vol. 14, pp. 61-204, Plenum, New York, 1982) and its extension to ML-matrices,

substochastic matrices, and reducible

matrices.”
“Previous studies demonstrated that hydrophobic proteins could be PEGylated in organic phase rather than water phase. It is still not known what the difference is for a hydrophilic protein’s PEGylation in these two different phases. In this study, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was dissolved in neat dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and PXD101 in vivo was PEGylated. In comparison with the PEGylation in water solution, the PEGylation degree in the organic solvent increased by 33% and 42% for PEG-maleimide (MAL-PEG) and PEG-succinimidyl carbonate (SC-PEG) respectively. Structure analysis revealed that the protein was unfolded in DMSO, which could make the PEGylated sites of G-CSF easily accessible. The hydrolysis half-life in water solution was 40 min and 9 h for SC-PEG and MAL-PEG respectively. However, in DMSO solvent,

PEGs were very stable and no hydrolysis could be detected. Stopped-flow demonstrated that the conjugation speed of G-CSF by MAL-PEG and SC-PEG in DMSO were 1.6 x 10(4) and 2 x 10(2) times faster than those in aqueous solution. The remarkable acceleration could mainly be attributed to an increase of protein nucleophilicity in DMSO. The results of this study could be referential to industrial application https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bmn-673.html where the cost of PEG reagents and the speed of reaction on large scale are very important. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“We simulate structural phase behavior of polymer-grafted colloidal particles by molecular Monte Carlo technique. The interparticle potential, which has a finite repulsive square-step outside a rigid core of the colloid, was previously confirmed via numerical self-consistent field calculation. This model potential is purely repulsive. We simulate these model colloids in the canonical ensemble in two and three dimensions and find that these particles containing no interparticle attraction self-assemble and align in a string-like assembly, at low temperature and high density. This string-like colloidal assembly is related to percolation phenomena.

Design: Prospective, randomized animal study Setting: Uni

\n\nDesign: Prospective, randomized animal study.\n\nSetting: University hospital laboratory.\n\nSubjects: Twenty adult, male cats.\n\nInterventions: Meningitis was induced by intrathecal injection of Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (0.8 x 10(6) units/kg). Four hours after the lipopolysaccharide injection, the animals were randomized to intravenous treatment with 0.4 mL/kg/hr of 20% albumin or 7.5 mL/kg/hr of 0.9% sodium chloride

for 6 hrs (n = 7 per group). A control group receiving lipopolysaccharide but no fluid was also studied (n = 6).\n\nMeasurements and Main Results: Effects on intracranial pressure, Copanlisib mean arterial pressure, plasma volume ((125)I-albumin technique), plasma oncotic pressure, and brain metabolism via cerebral interstitial lactate/pyruvate ratio and glycerol and glucose levels (microdialysis technique) were evaluated. Plasma volume decreased by approximately 20% and intracranial pressure increased from 10 to approximately 20 mm Hg at 4 hrs after the lipopolysaccharide injection. Six hours later, plasma volume had returned to baseline in both fluid groups while there was a further reduction in the control group. this website Intracranial pressure was higher in the saline group than in the albumin

and control groups and was 25.8 +/- 2.8 mm Hg, 18.3 +/- 0.6 mm Hg, and 20.4 +/- 1.7 mm Hg, respectively. Plasma oncotic pressure was higher in the albumin group than in the saline and control groups. Mean arterial pressure and microdialysis data were within normal range and did not differ among the groups.\n\nConclusions: The results showed that the choice of resuscitation fluid may influence intracranial pressure in meningitis. The lower intracranial pressure in the colloid group may be explained by a higher plasma oncotic pressure and less fluid distribution to the brain interstitium. (Crit Care Med 2011; 39:135-140)”
“Three different translocations involving chromosome IX have been detected in natural Saccharomyces MK-1775 research buy cerevisiae strains using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

with intact chromosomal DNA and their hybridization with the SUC2 probe. Hybrids of these strains with genetic lines having normal molecular karyotype were shown to have back dislocation of at least marker SUC2 due to crossingover. The significance of the detected translocations is discussed.”
“We report a case of a 40-year-old female with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding who developed multiple pulmonary emboli after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for gastric variceal bleeding. The patient did not have any respiratory symptoms after the sclerotherapy. A chest radiograph obtained one day after the procedure for the evaluation of fever showed few small nodular radio-opacities in both hilar regions.


“The objective of the present study was to explore the exp


“The objective of the present study was to explore the expression and significance of survivin and Livin in lesions of Condyloma acuminatum (CA). Streptavidin-perosidase (SP) immunohistochemistry method was used to measure the expression of survivin, Livin and Ki-67 in 48 cases of CA and 25 cases of normal foreskin tissues. The positive expression rates of survivin, Livin and Ki-67 were 72.91% (35/48), 77.08% (37/48)

and 85.42% (41/48) in CA tissues, and 4% (1/25), 4% (5/25) and 60% (15/25)111 the control group, respectively. The expression intensity of survivin, Livin and Ki-67 in CA tissues (++ similar to+++) was find more significantly higher than that in the normal control group (-similar to++). There were significant differences (P smaller than 0.05) both in the positive rates and the expression intensity of survivin, Livin and Ki-67 between the two groups. There was positive correlation between the expression of survivin and Livin in CA group (P smaller than 0.01); the expressions of survivin and Ki-67 were positively correlated with each other (P smaller than 0.01); Livin and Ki-67 expressions were positively correlated with each other (P smaller than 0.01). There were over-expressions and excessive proliferations of survivin and Livin in

CA tissues, and apoptosis suppressors survivin and Livin were correlated with CA.”
“Drug resistance exists as a major obstacle in the treatment of cancer, selleckchem and drug

molecules that retain effectiveness against resistant cancers are a high clinical priority. Ethyl 2-amino-6-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate GSI-IX (CXL017) was recently identified as a promising lead for the treatment of multidrug-resistant leukemia, which elicits its cytotoxic effect, in part, through inhibition of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). Herein initial experiments with SERCA1a and CXL017 demonstrated no significant effect on calcium affinity, competed with ATP, and induced a dose-dependent decrease in ATPase activity. Among all CXLs tested, (-)-CXL017 exhibited the greatest SERCA inhibition with an IC50 = 13.5 +/- 0.5 mu M. Inhibitor combination studies were used to assess potential interactions between (-)-CXL017 and well-known SERCA inhibitors: thapsigargin, cyclopiazonic acid, and 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone. Surprisingly, (-)-CXL017 exhibited marked synergy with each of the known SERCA inhibitors, whereas all combinations of the known inhibitors yielded additive effects, indicating that (-)-CXL017 may bind at a unique allosteric site. Treatment of parental (HL60) and multidrug-resistant (HL60/MX2) acute myeloid leukemia cells with the known SERCA inhibitors revealed that all of these inhibitors demonstrate selective cytotoxicity (7.7-400-fold) for the resistant cell line.

Further well-designed prospective trials are warranted to fully d

Further well-designed prospective trials are warranted to fully determine the long-term effectiveness and safety of this combination as well as its place in therapy.”
“Amniotic membrane (AM), the innermost layer of the fetal membranes, has been widely employed in the surgical

reconstruction and tissue engineering. Expression of the antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, elafin and SLPI which are essential elements of the innate immune system results in antibacterial properties of the AM. Preservation is necessary to reach a ready-to-use source of the AM. However, these methods might change the properties of the AM. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial properties of the AM after preservation.

CBL0137 datasheet Antibacterial property of the fresh AM was compared with cryopreserved and freeze-dried AM by modified disk diffusion method. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and two clinical isolated strains of E. coil were cultured in Mueller Hinton EX 527 purchase agar and a piece of the AM was placed on agar surface. After 24 h incubation, the inhibition zone was measured. In addition, one of the most important antibacterial peptides, elafin, was measured by ELISA assay before and after preservations procedures. Antibacterial properties of the AM were maintained after cryopreservation and freeze-drying. However, the inhibition zone was depending on the bacterial strains. The cryopreservation and freeze-drying procedures significantly decreased elafin which shows that antibacterial property is not limited to the effects of amniotic cells and the other components such as extracellular matrix may contribute in antibacterial effects. The promising results of this study show that the preserved AM is a proper substitute of the fresh AM to be employed in clinical situations. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Some questions are answered

concerning the origins of the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) concept in relation to animal experimentation, expounded 50 years ago by Russell and Burch in The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, by reference to some key publications and to correspondence AUY-922 in the W.M.S. and Claire Russell Archive, which is currently being established at the University of Nottingham. Some insight is also given into the relationship between Russell and Burch, the first use of “alternatives” in the Three Rs context, and the background to the publication of the book.”
“Purpose of reviewUnderstanding nasal form and function is critical in performing successful cosmetic rhinoplasty. Careful evaluation of the patient’s nasal airway with identification of areas of existing or potential obstruction is important in avoiding potential pitfalls that may compromise nasal function following rhinoplasty.

Well developed multi-scaled conservation plans to implement these

Well developed multi-scaled conservation plans to implement these strategies currently do not exist, nor check details do appropriate institutional arrangements and capacities. Institutional reforms are urgently needed in Australia to develop the land management, monitoring and regional response capabilities required to conserve biodiversity on a continent already significantly modified. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Alcaligenes sp. MTCC 10675 has been isolated from soil sample using enrichment method and has nitrilase catalytic system which is highly specific for the hydrolysis

of arylaliphatic nitriles. Optimization of culture conditions using response surface methodology and inducer-mediated approach enhanced arylacetonitrilase production significantly (2.4-fold). Isobutyronitrile acted as an effective inducer for the induction

of arylacetonitrilase, and it is highly specific for arylacetonitriles (phenyl acetonitrile and mandelonitrile). Arylacetonitrilase has no effect on its relative velocity (V (r)) up to 20 mM substrate (mandelonitrile) concentration and at 30 mM mandelonitrile, 23.4 % degree of inhibition (I (d)) was recorded. Half life of arylacetonitrilase of Alcaligenes sp. MTCC 10675 was 27.5 h at 25 A degrees C. Hg2+, Ag+, Pb3+, and Co2+ were strong inhibitor of arylacetonitrilase activity which resulted into 100 %, 91 %, 84 %, and 83 % inhibition, respectively. selleck screening library Polar protic solvent (dichloromethane, dimethylsulphooxide, and n-butanol) reduce arylacetonitrilase activity up to 80-94 % at 10 % concentration. Alcaligenes sp. MTCC 10675 has higher biocatalytic activity, i.e., 3.9 gg(-1) dcw, which is highest in comparison to till reported organism. Arylacetonitrilase-mediated hydrolysis of racemic mandelonitrile resulted into R-(-) mandelic acid with 99.0 % enantiomeric excess (e.e.).”
“Typing of human enterovirus (EV) remains a

major goal for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. Whereas sequencing of the VP1 ICG-001 chemical structure coding region is the reference standard for EV typing, a method relying on sequencing of the VP2 coding region has been proposed as an alternative; however, this has been validated only on cell culture supernatants. To avoid the selection of cultivable strains and to quicken the identification step, a new semi-nested PCR method targeting the VP2 region was developed by use of the CODEHOP strategy. After validation of the method on reference and clinical strains, a total of 352 clinical specimens found to be positive for EV RNA (138 with the GeneXpert EV kit and 214 with the Enterovirus R-gene kit) during a 3-year period (2010-2012) were analysed prospectively for VP2 genotyping. Overall, 204 (58%) specimens were typeable.