Connectivity’ has been a major theme in UK fluvial research in recent years, particularly in empirical contexts of coarse sediment transfer Selleck IPI 145 in upland environments involving gully, fan and adjacent floodplain (Harvey, 1997 and Hooke, 2003), and in the transfer of sediment within valleys in the form of sediment slugs or waves (Macklin and Lewin, 1989 and Nicholas et al., 1995). These and studies elsewhere have commonly used morphological estimates and budgeting

of sediment flux, both from historical survey comparisons (decades to centuries) and from reconnaissance assessments of apparently active erosion or sedimentation sites. On the longer timescale necessary for assessing human impact, whole-catchment modelling involving Holocene sediment routing has also demonstrated how complex and catchment specific these internal transfers may be in response to climatic and land cover changes (Coulthard et al., 2002 and Coulthard et al., 2005). Major elements of UK catchment relief

involve variable lithologies, Galunisertib solubility dmso over-steepened to low-gradient slopes, rock steps, alluvial basins, and valley fills inherited from prior Pleistocene glacial and periglacial systems (Macklin and Lewin, 1986). Some of these locally provide what may be called ‘memory-rich’ process environments. Progressive and ongoing Holocene evacuation of coarse Pleistocene valley fills is of major significance in a UK context (Passmore and Macklin, 2001), and this differs from some of the erodible loess terrains in which many other AA studies have been conducted in Europe and North America (e.g. Trimble, 1983, Trimble, 1999, Lang et al., 2003, Knox, 2006, Houben, 2008, Hoffman et al., 2008 and Houben et al., 2012). Human activities have greatly modified hydrological systems, and in different ways: in terms of discharge response to precipitation and extreme events,

but also in the supply of sediment. For finer sediments (where sediment loadings are generally supply-limited rather than competence-limited), dominant yield events (near bankfull) and sediment-depositing events (overbank) may not be the same. Holocene flood episodes (Macklin et al., 2010) may also be characterized by river incision (Macklin et al., 2013) as well as by the development of thick depositional sequences (Jones et al., 2012), find more depending on river environment. Fine sediment may be derived from surface soil removal, through enhanced gullying and headwater channel incision, from reactivation of riparian storages, or through the direct human injection or extraction of material involving toxic waste or gravel mining. For a millennium and more, channel-way engineering has also transformed systems to provide domestic and industrial water supply, water power for milling, improved passage both along and across rivers, fisheries improvement, and for flood protection (Lewin, 2010 and Lewin, 2013).

Delivered volume was also highly reproducible over this large volume range. Should smaller volumes, e.g. less than 100 μl, be required then the internal diameter of the tubing contained within the peristaltic pump could be reduced to improve accuracy. Over the past few years a number of different solutions have been designed to address reproducibility in delivery of hyperpolarized substrate. A system by Bowen and find more Hilty [8] was designed for in vitro use to rapidly (1200 ms)

inject hyperpolarized dissolute into a high resolution NMR spectrometer. Specifically their system used high pressure, >40 bar, to ensure that an aqueous solution reliably filled a 5 mm NMR tube without air bubbles – a common issue due to the high viscosity and surface tension of water. Due

to its high operating pressure their design would not be readily applicable to in vivo use without stepping down the pressure. A computer controlled in vivo injector was described by Comment et al [9], further improved in [10], that addressed the issue of bubble formation by allowing the chase gas (used to assist transfer of the sample from the polarizer to the injector) to exit through vents. A hydraulically driven plunger then sealed the vent holes as the sample was injected into the animal. DAPT An in-line optical sensor halted the injection if a bubble was detected within the injection cannula. The presence of a vent hole affects the accuracy of such a system, as there would be some variability in the amount of liquid injected into the animal as these vents were sealed. Hydraulic based systems also have some inaccuracy due to friction in actuating the hydraulic cylinder(s). In our described system, the possibility of injecting an air bubble was minimized by having a continuous fluid path from the cannula to the RV. The outlet pipe click here of the RV to the pump was also always submerged. The ingress of hyperpolarized substrate passed down the side of the RV wall to smoothly fill the RV and a vacuum pump removed excess gas. In practice, no bubbles

were found to have formed within the RV and so this was not regarded as a safety issue. However, an optical bubble detection system, as described [9], could be added and operated with the flow diversion system described here to prevent accidental injection of air into the animal. The design of the RV would permit other quality control systems, similar to those used in a clinical DNP polarizer [11], e.g. volume, temperature, free radical concentration sensors, to be added. Although not included on the current injector, an electrical or chemical heating system would prevent administration of relatively cold substrate to the animal. This would be due to the reduced temperature of the hyperpolarized substrate as it passes through the cannula to the animal while in the room temperature magnet bore (14 °C). Injection of cool substrate has been observed by us to cause an approximate 0.

The angle between the second lamina and sheath was measured. An F2 mapping population from a cross between gsor300084 and the indica variety Dular was generated. InDel markers (170 pairs) and 20 F2 individuals showing mutant phenotypes were used in primary mapping. Seven InDel markers were developed and 358 F2 individuals were used for fine mapping. Genomic DNA fragments of the D61 gene from Matsumae and gsor300084 were amplified and sequenced. The coding sequence of the D61 gene from the wild type and the gsor300084 mutant

was fused in-frame to the 3′ end of the sGFP gene in the transient expression vector pCAMBIA1205-GFP. The 1205-GFP-d61300084 and 1205-GFP-D61 fusion constructs were transformed into protoplasts prepared from wild-type rice seedlings by polyethylene glycol treatment. The transformed protoplasts were Selleck INCB018424 incubated at 28 °C for 16 h. Green fluorescence of the GFP fusion protein was observed under a Zeiss LSM 510 META confocal microscope. The phenotype of the gsor300084 mutant was different from that of the wild type variety Matsumae in many respects. PLX3397 supplier The plant height of gsor300084 was less than that of Matsumae from the seedling stage ( Fig. 1-A). At maturity, the plant height of gsor300084

was only about one half that of the wild type ( Fig. 1-B and Table 1). In wild-type plants, the leaf blade bent away from the vertical axis of the leaf sheath toward the abaxial side, but in gsor300084 most of the leaves were erect ( Fig. 1-D). The panicle of gsor300084 was smaller than that of the wild type ( Fig. 1-E). Moreover, the grains of gsor300084 were smaller and rounder ( Fig. 1-F and Table 1) and the grain weight was significantly reduced ( Table 1). Internode triclocarban elongation was severely inhibited ( Fig. 1-G) except for the uppermost internode ( Fig. 1-H), indicating that gsor300084 is a d6-type dwarf mutant

[28]. In rice mutants with defects in BR biosynthesis or sensitivity, elongation of the mesocotyl is inhibited when plants are grown in complete darkness [2]. To determine whether gsor300084 is a BR-related mutant, the mesocotyl internode elongation pattern in the darkness was observed. After growth in complete darkness for two weeks, the wild type plants exhibited mesocotyl elongation, whereas no such elongation occurred in gsor300084 ( Fig. 2). The failure of mesocotyl elongation in gsor300084 is similar to the phenotype of other rice BR-related mutants grown in darkness [4] and [29]. Based on the abnormal phenotypes of gsor300084, we suspected that the gsor300084 mutant was defective in BR biosynthesis or sensitivity. To identify the type of BR mutant to which gsor300084 belongs, we evaluated the coleoptile elongation and root length of wild type and 300084 seedlings in response to BL. Rice seeds were germinated in half-strength MS medium with 0 or 1 μmol L− 1 BL in complete darkness.

Equatorward of 10° of latitude, as well as at high northern latitudes, where the chlorophyll concentration exceeds 0.05 mg/m3, the surface is anomalously warm and the subsurface anomalously cold when the chlorophyll concentration is interactive as compared to when it is kept at a (lower) constant value. More heat is trapped in surface and thus less heat penetrates into the ocean interior, as found in Lengaigne et al. (2006). The opposite effect takes place in the southern subtropics while the strong warming in the northern subtropics could be due to the specific timing of the phytoplankton bloom in this region

in IPSL-CM5A (Séférian et al., 2012). The middle and right panels in Fig. 6 show that this situation evolves after the first decade and the ocean globally becomes colder in CM5_piCtrl than in CM5_piCtrl_noBio. This suggests a delayed adjustment of the ocean overwhelming the direct MEK pathway 1-dimensional effect. This evolution is also seen in each basin taken individually, while the large-scale meridional transport is unchanged, as seen in Fig. 1 (bottom) for the Atlantic. A role selleck kinase inhibitor of the oceanic circulation and in particular the AMOC in this slow adjustment is thus excluded. As discussed in Gnanadesikan and Anderson (2009), the net effect detected in these kinds of twin experiments depends on the set-up of the control simulation without interactive biogeochemistry. We indeed found major differences in the chlorophyll

vertical distribution, in particular equatorward of 30° of latitude (Fig. 7) between our control run and the one used in Lengaigne et al. (2006), which was very close to CM4_piCtrl. More precisely, concentrations at the surface are similar, but CM5_piCtrl is much poorer than the previous model version between the surface and 150 m depth. This implies that the anomalous warming linked to the capture of light by the chlorophyll is weaker down to 150 m in CM5_piCtrl as

compared to Lengaigne et al. (2006). Consistently, photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) is weaker in CM5_piCtrl in upper layers (not shown). This might explain why eventually, in our experiments, subsurface cooling overwhelms surface warming. Differences in the interactive chlorophyll profiles are prominently driven by the vertical distribution of nutrients, the ocean circulation (mixed-layer oxyclozanide depth) and the incoming shortwave radiation, since these three parameters control the nutrient-to-light co-limitation of the phytoplankton growth. A quantitative skill assessment of the marine biogeochemistry has been performed with two control simulations of IPSL-CM4 and IPSL-CM5A in Séférian et al. (2012) and with the same forced configuration as F4 in Duteil et al. (2011). These two studies reveal in particular that errors in ocean circulation lead to an unrealistic distribution of nutrients, which in turn impacts the distribution of chlorophyll. These latters impact finally the penetration of the radiant heat, and thus the ocean circulation.

Rosell and Santos (2010) verified an increase in hardness of re-baked part-baked breads in relation to conventional breads which contained fibres in their formulation. ERK inhibitor We also observed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in hardness of re-baked

part-baked breads in relation to conventional breads, with fibres in the formulation. However, this was only found when we compared hardness of breads on the first day of storage. On Day 4 and Day 7, part-baked breads did not differ from conventional breads (data not shown). According to Polaki et al. (2010), frozen part-baked breads tended to present greater pores than conventional breads, with dietary fibre in their formulation. According to these authors, the see more reasons would be mechanical damage by ice crystals and stress forces on part-baked bread structure due to cooling after the first baking stage. With this study, we can conclude that it is possible

to produce frozen part-baked pan breads that are well accepted by consumers and with good technological properties with the dietary fibre sources evaluated. As expected, wheat bran was the fibre source that most affected colour parameters (L*, C* and h) and sensory acceptance scores for crumb colour and appearance. Resistant starch and LBG influenced these parameters, but in a more discrete form. However, these two fibre sources did show an effect on moisture retention of re-baked part-baked breads during all the shelf-life period. In relation to conventional breads, it was verified that the freezing, frozen storage and re-baking stages through which part-baked breads went through had some effect on the structure of part-baked breads, and the effect

of these processing steps could have been greater than the effect of the different fibre sources for specific volume, texture acceptance and positive purchase intention, once these parameters were influenced by fibres in conventional breads but not in re-baked part-baked breads. Fibre also did not influence crust colour acceptance, crust appearance acceptance, aroma acceptance, taste acceptance and hardness click here obtained in the texture profile analysis (TPA) after one, four and seven days from baking of re-baked part-baked breads. Even though the dietary fibre sources did not interfere with various attributes of the sensory evaluation, the part-baked breads produced presented a good structure and a positive acceptance for all the attributes evaluated. The addition of dietary fibre sources to improve technological and nutritional characteristics of part-baked breads is viable. Apart from this, the combined addition of different types of fibres to reach an adequate dietary fibre content in the product was shown to be beneficial, once it can optimize bread quality characteristics. The authors would like to thank AB Brasil Indústria e Comércio de Alimentos Ltda.

All analyses were performed with SAS V8.2 statistics software. All means and standard errors

are presented as untransformed values. Besides tiller number, all other agronomic traits differed across cultivars (Table S1), with Kanlow displaying more biomass, leaf area and root surface area, and longer culms across all N deficiency treatments (Fig. 1). No significant difference was observed between Alamo and Kanlow in any traits but tiller number (Fig. 1). All cultivars of lowland ecotypes outperformed upland cultivars, and no significant difference was observed among upland cultivars for any trait (Fig. 2). There were significant cultivar-by-treatment and ecotype-by-treatment interactions for all agronomic traits except tiller number. Capmatinib supplier Tiller number showed only extremely strong responses to treatment (Table S1). Aside from tiller number and Veliparib nmr R:S, all other agronomic traits varied

across ecotypes (Table S1), with lowland cultivars producing 47% more biomass, 58% longer culms, 48% more leaf area, and 42% more root surface area than upland cultivars (Fig. 2). Nitrogen deficiency affected agronomic traits, and all traits showed large differences across the four treatments, with the control yielding an average of 168% more total biomass, 148% more aboveground biomass, 189% more belowground biomass, 53% more tillers, 127% more leaf area, 99% more root surface area, and 58% longer culms than the N deficiency treatments (Table 2). Clearly, cultivars performed best under the control conditions, followed

by moderate stress, and worst under extreme stress. No significance for R:S was observed between the control and N1 or N2. Tiller number, leaf area, root surface area, total biomass, aboveground biomass, and belowground biomass under the N2 treatment were significantly higher than under the N1. Height and belowground biomass did not differ between the N1 and N0 treatments (Table 2). Surprisingly, there were highly significant interactions between stress treatments and cultivars for all agronomic traits 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase but tiller number (Table S1); response to N deficiency stress depended on cultivar. For Alamo, height showed no difference across the three stress levels (Fig. 3-A); for Pathfinder, height and aboveground biomass did not differ between the N1 and N2 treatments (Fig. 3-A, D). For both ecotypes, all the agronomic traits varied across N stress treatments (Fig. 3). According to Fig. 3, accumulation can also be calculated in height, leaf area, root surface area, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass and total biomass with decreasing N level for each cultivar (data not shown). Kanlow had the lowest overall response to decreasing N concentration for the agronomic traits in Fig. 3, immediately followed by Alamo. Kanlow also showed the best performance under the three N stress treatments for all the traits.

This method reliably prevented sleep ( Figure 4A). Consistent with the raised brain histamine levels in HDC-ΔBmal1 mice, the EEG profiles between the genotypes differed during sleep deprivation: littermate control mice had frequencies distributed in the δ-to-θ range (2–10 Hz), with two peaks at 2 and 8 Hz, but the HDC-ΔBmal1 mice had a single broad peak of enhanced power relative to controls, centered in the θ range ( Figures S4G and S4H). After sleep deprivation, mice slept freely in Selleckchem Ku-0059436 their home cages. Littermate control mice had a recovery sleep lasting about 10–12 hr (Figure 4A), with sustained

NREM periods remaining 6 hr into the night. They reaccumulated their NREM sleep at a rate of approximately 30 min extra NREM sleep per hour (Figure 4B). The δ power in the EEG of littermate control mice remained elevated, compared with presleep Pifithrin-�� deprivation levels, for some 12 hr after sleep deprivation (Figure 4C). By contrast, HDC-ΔBmal1 mice did not sustain their recovery sleep: it was about 6 hr shorter than sleep-deprived control littermates ( Figure 4A), and their enhanced δ power of recovery sleep, already lower compared with littermate controls

before sleep deprivation, remained lower as it declined to baseline ( Figure 4C; Figure S4H). HDC-ΔBmal1 mice reaccumulated their NREM sleep at a slower rate than control mice: 12.5 min extra NREM sleep per hour ( Figure 4B). Because HDC-ΔBmal1 mice Montelukast Sodium had more REM baseline sleep than littermate controls during the day ( Figure 3G), they had more REM loss during sleep deprivation, namely they had more REM sleep to lose by sleep deprivation ( Figure S4J). HDC-ΔBmal1 mice also had a quicker reaccumulation of REM sleep during recovery sleep ( Figure S4J). In the recovery stage after sleep deprivation, HDC-ΔBmal1 mice had more transitions from NREM to REM, which caused more REM gain but less NREM gain. The reason could be that hdc expression was stronger in the HDC-ΔBmal1 mice during recovery sleep (see next section). We

examined HDC expression in TMN neurons at the end of the sleep deprivation period (ZT5; 5 hr of sleep deprivation). ZT5 is when HDC and histamine levels are normally lower (Figure 1). At the end of the deprivation period, however, HDC expression was at the higher nighttime levels in both littermate controls and HDC-ΔBmal1 mice ( Figure 4D), suggesting that sleep deprivation increases hdc gene expression. Consistently, sleep deprivation raises histamine levels in cerebrospinal fluid [ 36]. In control mice, 4 hr into recovery sleep, HDC protein expression had decreased (roughly halved) to typical ZT6 levels (1% ± 0.05% versus 0.36% ± 0.03%, AUs, one-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni, ∗∗∗p < 0.001) ( Figure 4E). In HDC-ΔBmal1 mice, HDC protein expression remained elevated ( Figure 4E).

Trypsin and amylase are membrane-bound (Eguchi et al., 1982, Kuriyama and Eguchi, 1985 and Santos et al., 1984) and shown to occur in microapocrine vesicles and be Decitabine mw partly incorporated into PM. This incorporation is significant as washed peritrophic membranes may contain up to 13% and 18% of the midgut luminal activity of amylase and trypsin, respectively (Ferreira et al., 1994). Membrane-bound trypsin and amylase were treated with papain,

detergents and GPI-phospholipase. The data suggested that both proteins were bound to cell membranes via a hydrophobic peptide (Jordão et al., 1999). A single protein was predicted to be a trypsin (contig 378), which is highly expressed (5609 reads) and arguably should correspond to the trypsin activity assayed in midgut contents. This sequence, however, have no transmembrane loop (or GPI-anchor) inferred with bioinformatics tools. Thus, trypsin putatively remains attached to vesicle membrane by the signal peptide that failed to be cleaved. Then trypsin is freed into the midgut lumen on activation with propeptide cleavage at R22. However, this demands further

investigation. http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Temsirolimus.html Two complete sequences were predicted to be amylases from S. frugiperda midguts and be released by microapocrine secretion: one (contig 420) is homologous to digestive amylases, whereas the other (contig 438) is a transporter-like amylase ( Ferreira et al., 2007). The ordinary amylase is by far the most expressed amylase (2057 reads against 689 reads for the other one). This protein should correspond to the amylase activity assayed in midgut contents. However, Inositol oxygenase this sequence has no transmembrane

loop (or GPI-anchor) inferred with bioinformatics tools. Thus, as discussed for trypsins, amylase putatively remains bound to the vesicle by the signal peptide. More research is necessary to settle this subject. Microapocrine vesicles bud from the microvilli as a double membrane vesicle and may be collected by centrifuging the saline obtained by rinsing the luminal surface of the midgut tissue (Fig. 1). These vesicles have been previously shown to carry digestive enzymes (like amylase, carboxypeptidase, and trypsin), including some inserted in microvillar membranes (like aminopeptidase) and peritrophin (Ferreira et al., 1994 and Bolognesi et al., 2001). These vesicles deliver their contents into the ectoperitrophic fluid (luminal contents between tissue and PM) and in part are incorporated into the luminal jelly portion of PM, thus explaining the enzyme activities bound to PM (Ferreira et al., 1994 and Bolognesi et al., 2001).

In spite of extensive research into its antecedents, considerable disagreement remains about the neurophysiology underlying the P600. Upon its discovery (Osterhout & Holcomb, 1992; see also Hagoort, Brown, & Groothusen, 1993), the P600 was seen as a new, distinct component reflecting aspects of combinatorial processing, e.g. the resolution of syntactic errors. Today, many researchers consider the P600 a specific component reflecting interpretative/integrative brain processes (e.g. Brouwer et al., 2012, Friederici, 2011, Gouvea et al., 2010, Kaan, 2007 and Osterhout and Hagoort, 1999). Others (e.g. Bornkessel-Schlesewsky et al., 2011, Coulson

et al., 1998a, Münte et al., 1998, van de Meerendonk et al., 2010 and Vissers et al., 2008) view the P600 as a P3b, an instance Onalespib mouse of the well-known P3 component family. Here, we approach the P600/P3 discussion from a novel perspective. By applying single-trial ERP analyses to a P600-eliciting paradigm, we aimed to test whether the P600 shows a well-established property of the P3:

latency alignment with reaction times. We argue that, if the response properties between the P600 and P3 are similar in this respect, this strengthens the view that we can draw upon the wealth of existing knowledge about the psychological and neural properties of the P3 to inform a detailed, neurobiologically grounded view of the P600. Like the P600, the P3 check details is a broad positive wave, often with a centro-parietal maximum. It is elicited anywhere from 250 to 1000+ ms after motivationally significant events. The best-known paradigm for eliciting P3 effects is the oddball paradigm, in which participants engage in a task involving infrequent target stimuli amongst frequent standard stimuli (i.e. targets are responded to, counted etc.). Accordingly, the P3 is often described as a component that is elicited by uncertain, unexpected or surprising stimuli (e.g. Donchin, 1981 and Sutton et al., 1965). However, while unexpectedness constitutes a very effective way of rendering a stimulus

subjectively significant, it is neither a sufficient nor a necessary precondition. For example, task-relevant stimuli (i.e. stimuli which require a response) engender a higher P3 amplitude than stimuli Vasopressin Receptor which do not, even when stimulus frequency is equated between the two stimulus categories (Duncan-Johnson & Donchin, 1977). A P3 also follows significant or intrusive stimuli in fully task-free paradigms, e.g. to one‘s own name even while asleep or comatose (Perrin et al., 1999 and Perrin et al., 2006), and non-task relevant stimuli of personal significance during standard psychological tasks, like one’s own cellphone ringtone (Roye, Jacobsen, & Schröger, 2007) or name (Gray, Ambady, Lowenthal, & Deldin, 2004) as a distractor item.

Fatores imunológicos também estão implicados na DC, com envolvimento dos sistemas imunes inato e adquirido2. Por um lado, constata‐se a presença de anticorpos séricos (IgA antigliadina, IgA antiendomísio e IgA antitransglutaminase tecidual), embora não se saiba se são primários ou secundários à lesão tecidual; por outro lado a existência de péptidos da gliadina que interagem com células T específicas (parece haver semelhança entre esta proteína e alguns microorganismos entéricos), da qual resulta uma reação imunológica cruzada com consequente selleck compound lesão tecidual intestinal3. É também de salientar que

a remissão histológica, clínica e sérica após corticoterapia, mesmo se o doente continuar a ingerir glúten, apoia a existência de um componente imunológico. A DC está associada a múltiplas doenças autoimunes nomeadamente à diabetes mellitus (DM) tipo 14 and 5, tiroidite autoimune6 and 7, doença de Addison8, hepatite autoimune9 e doenças reumatológicas10, embora não se conheça claramente o seu mecanismo subjacente. Numa revisão da literatura apenas estão descritos 12 casos de associação entre DC e púrpura trombocitopénica imune (PTI)11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22 e um caso de síndrome de Evans23. Descreve‐se o caso de uma doente de 23 anos com o diagnóstico clínico e histológico (biópsia do intestino selleck delgado) de DC desde a infância e que cumpriu dieta sem glúten até aos

16 anos. Após a reintrodução de glúten é feito o diagnóstico de PTI. Doente do sexo feminino, 24 anos, com antecedentes de DC desde os 9 meses de idade e PTI diagnosticada aos 16 anos (plaquetas 19.000 × 10 6/l), coincidente com a reintrodução de glúten. A doente teve a iniciativa de retomar a dieta com glúten com início de esteatorreia, perda ponderal e astenia. Aquando do diagnóstico de PTI, retomou a dieta

isenta de glúten e foi medicada com prednisolona 1 mg/kg/dia, com desmame progressivo, em associação com azatioprina, com excelentes respostas clínica e laboratorial. Manteve deflazacorte 6 mg/dia, como dose de manutenção. Por autoiniciativa suspendeu a corticoterapia em janeiro de 2008, mantendo dieta isenta de (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate glúten, e em abril do mesmo ano iniciou a toma de diclofenac por queixas álgicas secundárias a hérnia discal lombar, com aparecimento de petéquias, equimoses e bolhas hemorrágicas na mucosa jugal. Da investigação complementar destaca‐se a presença de trombocitopenia (2.000 × 10 6/l). Medicada com pulsos de metilprednisolona (1.000 mg durante 3 dias), seguida de prednisolona 1 mg/kg/dia, à qual se associou gamaglobulina, por ausência de resposta. Posteriormente, foi submetida a esplenectomia (3 baços acessórios), com normalização da contagem plaquetária, mantendo deflazacorte 6 mg/dia e dieta sem glúten, sendo seguida regularmente em consultas de gastroenterologia e medicina interna.