(C) 2009
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: We investigated a new technique for identifying the lung intersegmental line using infrared thoracoscopy with intravenous injection of indocyanine green.
Methods: This was an experimental animal study, and target segments were established preoperatively. Six adult beagle dogs underwent thoracotomy. After the corresponding pulmonary artery of the target segment had been ligated, indocyanine green was administered intravenously during infrared thoracoscopy. The lung was separated into 2 areas, white and blue, according to the blood flow on the monitor. We marked the visceral pleura with
electrocautery along the transition zone showing a change in color from blue to white. The Mdm2 inhibitor experimental lung was removed and subjected to pathologic and radiologic analysis.
Results: After injection of indocyanine green, infrared thoracoscopy showed that the area of normal perfusion changed to blue, whereas the area at which perfusion was absent remained white. The transition zone between colors was distinct, and the blue stain remained visible during the marking procedure. Three-dimensional computed tomographic analysis indicated that the marking separated the target segmental bronchus from the adjacent one. Detailed macroscopic and microscopic study confirmed that the marking corresponded selleck Calpain to the intersegmental line.
Conclusion: By using infrared thoracoscopy with indocyanine green, it is possible to detect the intersegmental line without inflating
the lung.”
“Previous studies have shown that in comparison with the sighted, blind individuals display superior non-visual perceptual abilities and differ in brain organisation. In this study, we investigated the performance of blind and sighted participants on a vibrotactile discrimination task. Thirty-three blind participants were classified into one of three groups (congenital, early, late), depending on the age at which they became blind. Consistent with previous neuroimaging data, individuals blinded after late childhood (14 years) showed no advantage over sighted participants. Both the congenitally- and early-blind participants were better than the sighted. The congenitally blind participants were even more accurate than the early-blind participants; a distinction that has not been drawn previously. Duration of blindness did not predict task performance and the effect of onset age persisted after duration of daily Braille reading was accounted for. We conclude that complete visual deprivation early in life leads to heightened tactile acuity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.